Dye composition comprising an alkoxylated fatty alcohol ether and a fatty alcohol

ABSTRACT

The present invention relates to a composition for dyeing keratin fibers, comprising: at least one nonionic ether of a polyoxyalkylenated fatty alcohol of formula (i) R—(O-Alk) n OR′ (i), in which: —R denotes a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated C 10 -C 30  hydrocarbon-based radical, —R′ denotes a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated C 10 -C 30  hydrocarbon-based radical, which may be substituted with a hydroxyl radical, —n is an integer between 1 and 100 inclusive, and —Alk represents a linear or branched, preferably linear, (C 1 -C 6 )alkylene group such as ethylene or propylene, preferably ethylene, —at least one fatty alcohol comprising at least 20 carbon atoms; —at least one chemical oxidizing agent. The present invention also relates to a process using this composition, and to a multi-compartment device that is suitable for implementing the invention.

The present invention relates to a composition for dyeing keratinfibers, comprising at least one oxidation dye, at least one nonioniccompound such as a long-chain ether of a polyoxyalkylenated fattyalcohol, at least one particular fatty alcohol and/or one particularfatty acid ester and at least one chemical oxidizing agent.

The present invention also relates to a dyeing process using thiscomposition, and to a multi-compartment device that is suitable forusing this composition.

Many people have sought for a long time to modify the color of theirhair and in particular to mask their gray hair.

One of the dyeing methods is “permanent” or oxidation dyeing, which usesdye compositions containing oxidation dye precursors, generally known asoxidation bases. These oxidation bases are colorless or weakly coloredcompounds, which, when combined with oxidizing products, may give riseto colored compounds by a process of oxidative condensation.

It is also known that the shades obtained with these oxidation bases maybe varied by combining them with couplers or coloration modifiers, thelatter being chosen especially from aromatic meta-diamines,meta-aminophenols, meta-diphenols and certain heterocyclic compoundssuch as indole compounds. The variety of molecules used as oxidationbases and couplers allows a wide range of colors to be obtained.

It is also possible to use direct dyes in order especially to affordtints on the coloration obtained. These direct dyes are colored andcoloring molecules that have affinity for fibers. Examples that may bementioned include benzenic, anthraquinone, nitropyridine, azo, xanthene,acridine, azine and triarylmethane direct dyes.

Permanent dyeing processes thus consist in using, with the dyecomposition, an aqueous composition comprising at least one oxidizingagent. This oxidizing agent has several roles. The first is to bringabout condensation of the oxidation dyes (bases and couplers), enablingappearance of the color. The second is to degrade partially the melaninof the hair, which, depending on the nature of the oxidizing agentpresent, leads to more or less pronounced lightening of the fibers. Theoxidizing agent used is generally hydrogen peroxide.

Thus, the compositions used in processes of this type must be able to bemixed easily, and the rheology of the resulting mixture must be suchthat it can be spread easily without running beyond the areas to be dyedonce in place, and must do so throughout the entire treatment.

Moreover, the mixtures must result in uniform colorations between theend of the hairs and the root (they are also said to be sparinglyselective), and must be chromatic and powerful.

European patent application EP 1 106 167 describes oxidation dyecompositions comprising, besides colorants, a nonionic compound derivedfrom a long-chain ether of a polyoxyethylenated fatty alcohol. Thesecompositions represented an improvement over the existing compositions,not only in terms of viscosity and viscosity stability during theleave-on time on the hair, but also in terms of dyeing results.

However, there is an ongoing search for ever more efficient colorationsin terms of results, especially improvement of the uptake of thecoloration and better color uniformity. There is also an ongoing searchfor compositions with improved use qualities especially in terms of easeof distribution on the head of hair and of removal on rinsing.

One of the objects of the present invention is to propose compositionsfor dyeing human keratin fibers such as the hair that do not have thedrawbacks of the existing compositions.

These aims and others are achieved by the present invention, one subjectof which is thus a composition for dyeing keratin fibers, in particularhuman keratin fibers such as the hair, comprising:

-   -   at least one oxidation dye;    -   at least one nonionic ether of a polyoxyalkylenated fatty        alcohol of formula (i)

R—(O-Alk)_(n)-OR′  (i),

in which:

-   -   R denotes a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated C₁₀-C₃₀        hydrocarbon-based radical,    -   R′ denotes a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated        C₁₀-C₃₀ hydrocarbon-based radical, which may be substituted with        a hydroxyl radical, said hydroxyl preferably being beta to the        ether function,    -   n is an integer between 1 and 100 inclusive, and    -   Alk represents a linear or branched, preferably linear,        (C₁-C₆)alkylene group such as ethylene or propylene, preferably        ethylene,    -   at least one compound chosen from fatty alcohols comprising at        least 20 carbon atoms and fatty acid esters, the said esters        being solid at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, and        mixtures thereof;    -   at least one chemical oxidizing agent.

A subject of the invention is also a dyeing process using theabovementioned composition.

Finally, the invention relates to multi-compartment devices using thecomposition of the invention.

Thus, the use of the dye composition of the invention leads to powerful,homogeneous colorations. These compositions are distributed easily onthe head of hair and are removed easily on rinsing.

Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will emerge moreclearly on reading the description and the examples that follow.

In the text hereinbelow, unless otherwise indicated, the limits of arange of values are included in that range.

The human keratin fibers treated via the process according to theinvention are preferably the hair.

For the purposes of the present invention, and unless otherwiseindicated:

-   -   the term “inclusive” for a range of concentrations means that        the limits of that range are included in the defined range.    -   The human keratin fibers treated via the process according to        the invention are preferably the hair.    -   The expression “at least one” followed by an ingredient is        equivalent to the expression “one or more” ingredients.    -   The term “direct emulsion” means a microscopically heterogeneous        and macroscopically homogeneous mixture of two mutually        immiscible liquid substances of oil-in-water (O/W) type. The        emulsion is composed of an oily phase dispersed in an aqueous        phase.    -   For the purposes of the present invention, the term “emulsion”        thus means true emulsions, which are to be distinguished from        microemulsions, which are thermodynamically stable systems,        unlike true emulsions. The size of the droplets of the dispersed        phase of the emulsions of the invention is preferably between 10        nm and 100 μm and preferably between 200 nm and 50 μm. This is        the mean diameter D(3.2), which may be measured especially using        a laser granulometer. The direct emulsion may be prepared via        standard emulsion preparation processes that are well known to        those skilled in the art.

The term “oxidizing agent” or “chemical oxidizing agent” according tothe invention means an oxidizing agent other than atmospheric oxygen.

Oxidation Dyes

The composition according to the invention comprises one or moreoxidation dyes.

The oxidation dyes are generally chosen from one or more oxidation basesoptionally combined with one or more couplers.

By way of example, the oxidation bases are chosen frompara-phenylenediamines, bis(phenyl)alkylenediamines, para-aminophenols,ortho-aminophenols and heterocyclic bases, and the addition saltsthereof.

Among the para-phenylenediamines that may be mentioned, for example, arepara-phenylenediamine, para-tolylenediamine,2-chloro-para-phenylenediamine, 2,3-dimethyl-para-phenylenediamine,2,6-dimethyl-para-phenylenediamine, 2,6-diethyl-para-phenylenediamine,2,5-dimethyl-para-phenylenediamine, N,N-dimethyl-para-phenylenediamine,N,N-diethyl-para-phenylenediamine, N,N-dipropyl-para-phenylenediamine,4-amino-N,N-diethyl-3-methylaniline,N,N-bis(β-hydroxyethyl)-para-phenylenediamine,4-N,N-bis(β-hydroxyethyl)amino-2-methylaniline,4-N,N-bis(μ-hydroxyethyl)amino-2-chloroaniline,2-β-hydroxyethyl-para-phenylenediamine, 2-fluoro-para-phenylenediamine,2-isopropyl-para-phenylenediamine,N-(β-hydroxypropyl)-para-phenylenediamine,2-hydroxymethyl-para-phenylenediamine,N,N-dimethyl-3-methyl-para-phenylenediamine,N-ethyl-N-(β-hydroxyethyl)-para-phenylenediamine,N-(β,γ-dihydroxypropyl)-para-phenylenediamine,N-(4′-aminophenyl)-para-phenylenediamine,N-phenyl-para-phenylenediamine,2-β-hydroxyethyloxy-para-phenylenediamine,2-β-acetylaminoethyloxy-para-phenylenediamine,N-(β-methoxyethyl)-para-phenylenediamine, 4-aminophenylpyrrolidine,2-thienyl-para-phenylenediamine, 2-β-hydroxyethylamino-5-aminotolueneand 3-hydroxy-1-(4′-aminophenyl)pyrrolidine, and addition salts thereof.

Among the para-phenylenediamines mentioned above, para-phenylenediamine,para-tolylenediamine, 2-isopropyl-para-phenylenediamine,2-β-hydroxyethyl-para-phenylenediamine,2-β-hydroxyethyloxy-para-phenylenediamine,2,6-dimethyl-para-phenylenediamine, 2,6-diethyl-para-phenylenediamine,2,3-dimethyl-para-phenylenediamine,N,N-bis(β-hydroxyethyl)-para-phenylenediamine,2-chloro-para-phenylenediamine and2-β-acetylaminoethyloxy-para-phenylenediamine, and addition saltsthereof, are particularly preferred.

Among the bis(phenyl)alkylenediamines that may be mentioned, forexample, areN,N′-bis(β-hydroxyethyl)-N,N′-bis(4′-aminophenyl)-1,3-diaminopropanol,N,N′-bis(β-hydroxyethyl)-N,N′-bis(4′-aminophenyl)ethylenediamine,N,N′-bis(4-aminophenyl)tetramethylenediamine,N,N′-bis(β-hydroxyethyl)-N,N′-bis(4-aminophenyl)tetramethylenediamine,N,N′-bis(4-methylaminophenyl)tetramethylenediamine,N,N′-bis(ethyl)-N,N′-bis(4′-amino-3′-methylphenyl)ethylenediamine and1,8-bis(2,5-diaminophenoxy)-3,6-dioxaoctane, and addition salts thereof.

Among the para-aminophenols that may be mentioned, for example, arepara-aminophenol, 4-amino-3-methylphenol, 4-amino-3-fluorophenol,4-amino-3-chlorophenol, 4-amino-3-hydroxymethylphenol,4-amino-2-methylphenol, 4-amino-2-hydroxymethylphenol,4-amino-2-methoxymethylphenol, 4-amino-2-aminomethylphenol,4-amino-2-(β-hydroxyethylaminomethyl)phenol and 4-amino-2-fluorophenol,and addition salts thereof.

Among the ortho-aminophenols that may be mentioned, for example, are2-aminophenol, 2-amino-5-methylphenol, 2-amino-6-methylphenol and5-acetamido-2-aminophenol, and addition salts thereof.

Among the pyridine oxidation bases that may be mentioned are thecompounds described, for example, in patents GB 1 026 978 and GB 1 153196, for instance 2,5-diaminopyridine,2-(4-methoxyphenyl)amino-3-aminopyridine and 3,4-diaminopyridine, andaddition salts thereof.

Other pyridine oxidation bases that are useful in the present inventionare the 3-aminopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine oxidation bases or addition saltsthereof described, for example, in patent application FR 2 801 308.Examples that may be mentioned include pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrid-3-ylamine,2-acetylaminopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrid-3-ylamine,2-morpholin-4-ylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrid-3-ylamine,3-aminopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid,2-methoxypyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrid-3-ylamine,(3-aminopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrid-7-yl)methanol,2-(3-aminopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrid-5-yl)ethanol,2-(3-aminopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrid-7-yl)ethanol,(3-aminopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrid-2-yl)methanol,3,6-diaminopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine, 3,4-diaminopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine,pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine-3,7-diamine,7-morpholin-4-ylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrid-3-ylamine,pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine-3,5-diamine,5-morpholin-4-ylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrid-3-ylamine,2-[(3-aminopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrid-5-yl)(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]ethanol,2-[(3-aminopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrid-7-yl)(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]ethanol,3-aminopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-5-ol, 3-aminopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-4-ol,3-aminopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-6-ol and3-aminopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-7-ol, and the addition salts thereof.

Among the pyrimidine oxidation bases that may be mentioned are thecompounds described, for example, in patents DE 2 359 399; JP 88-169571; JP 05-63124; EP 0 770 375 or patent application WO 96/15765, forinstance 2,4,5,6-tetraaminopyrimidine,4-hydroxy-2,5,6-triaminopyrimidine, 2-hydroxy-4,5,6-triaminopyrimidine,2,4-dihydroxy-5,6-diaminopyrimidine and 2,5,6-triaminopyrimidine, andaddition salts thereof, and the tautomeric forms thereof, when atautomeric equilibrium exists.

Among the pyrazole oxidation bases that may be mentioned are thecompounds described in patents DE 3 843 892 and DE 4 133 957, and patentapplications WO 94/08969, WO 94/08970, FR-A-2 733 749 and DE 195 43 988,for instance 4,5-diamino-1-methylpyrazole,4,5-diamino-1-(β-hydroxyethyl)pyrazole, 3,4-diaminopyrazole,4,5-diamino-1-(4′-chlorobenzyl)pyrazole,4,5-diamino-1,3-dimethylpyrazole, 4,5-diamino-3-methyl-1-phenylpyrazole,4,5-diamino-1-methyl-3-phenylpyrazole,4-amino-1,3-dimethyl-5-hydrazinopyrazole,1-benzyl-4,5-diamino-3-methylpyrazole,4,5-diamino-3-tert-butyl-1-methylpyrazole,4,5-diamino-1-tert-butyl-3-methylpyrazole,4,5-diamino-1-(β-hydroxyethyl)-3-methylpyrazole,4,5-diamino-1-ethyl-3-methylpyrazole,4,5-diamino-1-ethyl-3-(4′-methoxyphenyl)pyrazole,4,5-diamino-1-ethyl-3-hydroxymethylpyrazole,4,5-diamino-3-hydroxymethyl-1-methylpyrazole,4,5-diamino-3-hydroxymethyl-1-isopropylpyrazole,4,5-diamino-3-methyl-1-isopropylpyrazole,4-amino-5-(2′-aminoethyl)amino-1,3-dimethylpyrazole,3,4,5-triaminopyrazole, 1-methyl-3,4,5-triaminopyrazole,3,5-diamino-1-methyl-4-methylaminopyrazole and3,5-diamino-4-(β-hydroxyethyl)amino-1-methylpyrazole, and addition saltsthereof. 4,5-Diamino-1-(β-methoxyethyl)pyrazole, and addition saltsthereof, may also be used.

A 4,5-diaminopyrazole will preferably be used as pyrazole compound, andeven more preferentially 4,5-diamino-1-(β-hydroxyethyl)pyrazole and/oran addition salt thereof.

The oxidation base(s) each advantageously represent from 0.0001% to 10%by weight relative to the total weight of the composition, andpreferably from 0.005% to 5% by weight relative to the total weight ofthe composition.

The composition according to the invention may optionally comprise oneor more couplers advantageously chosen from those conventionally used inthe dyeing of keratin fibers.

Among these couplers, mention may be made especially ofmeta-phenylenediamines, meta-aminophenols, meta-diphenols,naphthalene-based couplers and heterocyclic couplers, and also theaddition salts thereof.

Mention may be made, for example, of 1,3-dihydroxybenzene,1,3-dihydroxy-2-methyl benzene, 4-chloro-1,3-dihydroxybenzene,2,4-diamino-1-(β-hydroxyethyloxy)benzene,2-amino-4-(β-hydroxyethylamino)-1-methoxybenzene, 1,3-diaminobenzene,1,3-bis(2,4-diaminophenoxy)propane, 3-ureidoaniline,3-ureido-1-dimethylaminobenzene, sesamol,1-β-hydroxyethylamino-3,4-methylenedioxybenzene, α-naphthol,2-methyl-1-naphthol, 6-hydroxyindole, 4-hydroxyindole,4-hydroxy-N-methylindole, 2-amino-3-hydroxypyridine,6-hydroxybenzomorpholine, 3,5-diamino-2,6-dimethoxypyridine,1-N-(β-hydroxyethyl)amino-3,4-methylenedioxybenzene,2,6-bis(β-hydroxyethylamino)toluene, 6-hydroxyindoline,2,6-dihydroxy-4-methylpyridine, 1-H-3-methylpyrazol-5-one,1-phenyl-3-methylpyrazol-5-one,2,6-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-b]-1,2,4-triazole,2,6-dimethyl-[3,2-c]-1,2,4-triazole and6-methylpyrazolo[1,5-a]benzimidazole, addition salts thereof, andmixtures thereof.

The coupler(s), if they are present, each advantageously represent from0.0001% to 10% by weight relative to the total weight of thecomposition, and preferably from 0.005% to 5% by weight relative to thetotal weight of the composition.

In general, the addition salts of the oxidation bases and couplers thatmay be used in the context of the invention are especially selected fromthe addition salts with an acid such as the hydrochlorides,hydrobromides, sulfates, citrates, succinates, tartrates, lactates,tosylates, benzenesulfonates, phosphates and acetates.

Additional Dyes:

The composition of the invention may also comprise one or moreadditional dyes chosen from direct dyes.

The latter dyes are more particularly chosen from ionic or nonionicspecies, preferably cationic or nonionic species. These direct dyes maybe synthetic or of natural origin.

Examples of suitable direct dyes that may be mentioned include azo dyes;methine dyes; carbonyl dyes; azine dyes; nitro (hetero)aryl dyes;tri(hetero)arylmethane dyes; porphyrin dyes; phthalocyanine dyes, andnatural direct dyes, alone or as mixtures.

More particularly, the azo dyes comprise an —N═N— function in which thetwo nitrogen atoms are not simultaneously engaged in a ring. However, itis not excluded for one of the two nitrogen atoms of the sequence —N═N—to be engaged in a ring.

The dyes of the methine family are more particularly compoundscomprising at least one sequence selected from >C═C< and —N═C< in whichthe two atoms are not simultaneously engaged in a ring. However, it ispointed out that one of the nitrogen or carbon atoms of the sequencesmay be engaged in a ring. More particularly, the dyes of this family arederived from compounds of the type such as methines, azomethines, mono-and diarylmethanes, indoamines (or diphenylamines), indophenols,indoanilines, carbocyanins, azacarbocyanins and isomers thereof,diazacarbocyanins and isomers thereof, tetraazacarbocyanins andhemicyanins.

As regards the dyes of the carbonyl family, examples that may bementioned include dyes chosen from acridone, benzoquinone,anthraquinone, naphthoquinone, benzanthrone, anthranthrone, pyranthrone,pyrazolanthrone, pyrimidinoanthrone, flavanthrone, idanthrone, flavone,(iso)violanthrone, isoindolinone, benzimidazolone, isoquinolinone,anthrapyridone, pyrazoloquinazolone, perinone, quinacridone,quinophthalone, indigoid, thioindigo, naphthalimide, anthrapyrimidine,diketopyrrolopyrrole and coumarin.

As regards the dyes of the cyclic azine family, mention may be madeespecially of azine, xanthene, thioxanthene, fluorindine, acridine,(di)oxazine, (di)thiazine and pyronin.

The nitro (hetero)aromatic dyes are more particularly nitrobenzene ornitropyridine direct dyes.

As regards the dyes of porphyrin or phthalocyanine type, it is possibleto use cationic or non-cationic compounds, optionally comprising one ormore metals or metal ions, for instance alkali metals, alkaline-earthmetals, zinc and silicon.

Examples of particularly suitable direct dyes that may be mentionedinclude nitrobenzene dyes; azo direct dyes; azomethine direct dyes;methine direct dyes; azacarbocyanin direct dyes, for instancetetraazacarbocyanins (tetraazapentamethines); quinone and in particularanthraquinone, naphthoquinone or benzoquinone direct dyes; azine directdyes; xanthene direct dyes; triarylmethane direct dyes; indoamine directdyes; indigoid direct dyes; phthalocyanine direct dyes, porphyrin directdyes and natural direct dyes, alone or as mixtures.

Among the natural direct dyes that may be used according to theinvention, mention may be made of lawsone, juglone, alizarin, purpurin,carminic acid, kermesic acid, purpurogallin, protocatechaldehyde,indigo, isatin, curcumin, spinulosin, apigenidin and orceins. Extractsor decoctions containing these natural dyes and in particularhenna-based poultices or extracts, may also be used.

When they are present, the direct dye(s) more particularly represent(s)from 0.0001% to 10% by weight and preferably from 0.005% to 5% by weightof the total weight of the composition.

Nonionic Ether of a Polyoxyalkylenated Fatty Alcohol of Formula (i)

As indicated previously, the composition according to the inventioncomprises at least one nonionic ether of a polyoxyalkylenated fattyalcohol of formula (i) below:

R—(O-Alk)_(n)OR′  (i),

in which:

-   -   R denotes a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated C₁₀-C₃₀        hydrocarbon-based radical,    -   R′ denotes a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated        C₁₀-C₃₀ hydrocarbon-based radical, which may be substituted with        a hydroxyl radical, said hydroxyl preferably being beta to the        ether function,    -   n is an integer between 1 and 100 inclusive, and    -   Alk represents a linear or branched, preferably linear,        (C₁-C₆)alkylene group such as ethylene or propylene, preferably        ethylene.

According to one particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention,the radical Alk of formula (i) represents a group —CH₂—CH₂—.

More particularly, the nonionic ether of a polyoxyalkylenated fattyalcohol of formula (i) is such that R and R′, independently of eachother, denote a linear or branched, preferably linear, saturated orunsaturated, preferably saturated, C₁₂-C₂₀ and preferably C₁₄-C₁₈hydrocarbon-based radical; R′ possibly being substituted with at leastone hydroxyl radical, said hydroxyl radical preferably being beta to theether function, and n denotes an integer greater than or equal to 20,for example ranging from 20 to 100 and preferably from 40 to 80.

Preferably, R and R′ denote an alkyl radical.

According to a more preferred embodiment, the nonionic ether of apolyoxyalkylenated fatty alcohol of formula (i) is such that: R denotesa C₁₆-C₁₈ alkyl radical, which is preferably linear, and R′ denotes aC₁₄ alkyl radical, which is preferably linear, substituted with an OHgroup, said hydroxyl radical preferably being beta to the etherfunction, and n is equal to 60.

Preferably, the nonionic ether of formula (i) has the following formula

with R being a cetyl or stearyl group with n=60.

Such a compound is known, for example, in the CTFA dictionary under thename Ceteareth 60 myristyl glycol or Hydrogenated talloweth 60 myristylglycol. A Ceteareth 60 myristyl glycol is sold, for example, by thecompany Akzo under the trade name Elfacos GT 282 S.

Preferably, the nonionic ether(s) of polyoxyalkylenated fatty alcohols(i) are present in a content ranging from 0.001% to 10% by weight andpreferably from 0.001% to 5% by weight relative to the total weight ofthe composition.

The composition according to the invention comprises at least onecompound chosen from fatty alcohols comprising at least 20 carbon atomsand fatty acid esters that are solid at room temperature and atmosphericpressure, and mixtures thereof.

This compound may be present in a content ranging from 0.01% to 20% byweight, preferably from 0.1% to 15% by weight and better still from 0.5%to 12% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition.

Fatty Alcohol Comprising at Least 20 Carbon Atoms:

The fatty alcohol(s) that are useful in the composition of the presentinvention are long-chain fatty alcohols comprising at least 20 carbonatoms, for example from 20 to 30 carbon atoms and better still from 20to 24 carbon atoms. These fatty alcohols are neither oxyalkylenated norglycerolated.

The fatty alcohols that are useful in the present invention comprise ahydrocarbon-based chain comprising at least 20 carbon atoms, which maybe linear or branched, and saturated or unsaturated. Preferably, theyare primary fatty alcohols with a saturated linear chain. Examples thatmay especially be mentioned include behenyl alcohol, arachidyl alcohol,lignoceryl alcohol, ceryl alcohol and montanyl alcohol, and mixturesthereof.

As mixture of fatty alcohols that is particularly preferred in thecomposition according to the invention, use may be made, for example, ofthe mixture of fatty alcohols formed from 76% by weight of behenylalcohol, 17% by weight of arachidyl alcohol, 1.5% by weight oflignoceryl alcohol, 5% by weight of stearyl alcohol and 0.5% by weightof cetyl alcohol. This mixture is sold under the name Nafol® 1822 C bythe company Condea. Other examples that may also be mentioned includethe mixture sold under the name Nafol® 2298 by the company Condea, whichcomprises 98% by weight of behenyl alcohol; the mixture sold under thename Nafol® 20-22 by the company Condea, which comprises 30% by weightof behenyl alcohol, 58% by weight of arachidyl alcohol and 6% by weightof lignoceryl alcohol; or the mixture sold under the name Nafol® 20+ bythe company Condea, which comprises 50% by weight of arachidyl alcohol,29% by weight of behenyl alcohol, 14% by weight of lignoceryl alcoholand 6% by weight of stearyl alcohol.

The amount of the mixture of long-chain fatty alcohols comprising atleast 20 carbon atoms in the composition according to the invention maypreferably range from 0.1% to 20% by weight, preferably from 0.5% to 15%by weight and better still from 1% to 12% by weight relative to thetotal weight of the composition.

Solid Fatty Acid Ester:

The term “fatty acid ester that is solid at room temperature andatmospheric pressure” means a compound that is solid or pasty at 20 orat 25° C., with a reversible solid/liquid change of state, having amelting point of greater than about 40° C., which may be up to 200° C.It preferably has a hardness of greater than 0.5 MPa for solids and ahardness of between 0.001 and 0.5 MPa for pastes, and has at the meltingpoint anisotropic crystal organization.

The fatty acid esters used in the present invention may be monoesters orpolyesters, preferably monoesters, diesters or triesters.

They are preferably derived from the reaction:

-   -   of at least one carboxylic acid, preferably a monoacid, which is        linear or branched, preferably linear, and saturated or        unsaturated, preferably saturated, comprising from 10 to 50        carbon atoms, better still from 12 to 30 carbon atoms,        preferably from 12 to 24 carbon atoms and in particular from 14        to 18 carbon atoms, and    -   of at least one alcohol chosen from a monoalcohol or a polyol,        preferably a monoalcohol, which is linear or branched,        preferably linear, and saturated or unsaturated, preferably        saturated, advantageously comprising from 12 to 50 carbon atoms,        better still from 12 to 24 carbon atoms and in particular from        14 to 18 carbon atoms.

Preferably, the solid fatty acid esters according to the invention areesters of a saturated linear monocarboxylic fatty acid comprising from14 to 18 carbon atoms and of a saturated linear monoalcohol comprisingfrom 14 to 18 carbon atoms.

Examples of solid fatty acid esters according to the invention that maybe mentioned include cetyl myristate, stearyl myristate, myristylmyristate, palmityl palmitate, cetyl palmitate, stearyl palmitate,myristyl stearate, palmityl stearate and stearyl stearate, and mixturesthereof. Cetyl palmitate is used in particular.

The fatty acid ester(s) that are solid at room temperature andatmospheric pressure may be present in a content ranging from 0.01% to15% by weight, preferably from 0.05% to 10% by weight and better stillfrom 0.1% to 5% by weight relative to the total weight of thecomposition.

Fatty Substance:

The composition of the invention may optionally comprise, besides thefatty alcohol comprising at least 20 carbon atoms and/or the solid fattyester, one or more “additional” fatty substances other than theseparticular fatty alcohols and solid fatty esters.

The term “fatty substance” means an organic compound that is insolublein water at ordinary temperature (25° C.) and at atmospheric pressure(760 mmHg) (solubility of less than 5%, preferably 1% and even morepreferentially 0.1%). They have in their structure at least onehydrocarbon-based chain comprising at least 6 carbon atoms or a sequenceof at least two siloxane groups. In addition, the fatty substances aregenerally soluble in organic solvents under the same temperature andpressure conditions, for instance chloroform, dichloromethane, carbontetrachloride, ethanol, benzene, toluene, tetrahydrofuran (THF), liquidpetroleum jelly or decamethylcyclopentasiloxane.

Preferably, the fatty substances of the invention do not contain anysalified or unsalified carboxylic acid groups (COOH or COO⁻).Particularly, the fatty substances of the invention are neitherpolyoxyalkylenated nor polyglycerolated.

The term “oil” means a “fatty substance” that is liquid at roomtemperature (25° C.) and at atmospheric pressure (760 mmHg).

The term “nonsilicone oil” means an oil not containing any silicon atoms(Si) and the term “silicone oil” means an oil containing at least onesilicon atom.

More particularly, the fatty substances are chosen from C₆-C₁₆ alkanes,nonsilicone oils of animal, plant, mineral or synthetic origin, fattyalcohols other than the fatty alcohols comprising at least 20 carbonatoms described above, esters of a fatty acid and/or of a fatty alcoholother than the solid fatty esters described above, nonsilicone waxes andsilicones.

It is recalled that, for the purposes of the invention, fatty alcohols,esters and acids more particularly have at least one linear or branched,saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon-based group comprising 6 to 30carbon atoms, which is optionally substituted, in particular with one ormore hydroxyl groups (in particular 1 to 4). If they are unsaturated,these compounds may have one to three conjugated or non-conjugatedcarbon-carbon double bonds.

As regards the C₆-C₁₆ alkanes, they are linear or branched, and possiblycyclic. Examples that may be mentioned include hexane, dodecane andisoparaffins such as isohexadecane and isodecane.

As oils of animal, plant, mineral or synthetic origin that may be usedin the composition of the invention, examples that may be mentionedinclude:

hydrocarbon-based oils of animal origin, such as perhydrosqualene;

triglyceride oils of plant or synthetic origin, such as liquid fattyacid triglycerides containing from 6 to 30 carbon atoms, for instanceheptanoic or octanoic acid triglycerides, or alternatively, for example,sunflower oil, corn oil, soybean oil, marrow oil, grapeseed oil, sesameseed oil, hazelnut oil, apricot oil, macadamia oil, arara oil, castoroil, avocado oil, caprylic/capric acid triglycerides, for instance thosesold by the company Stéarineries Dubois or those sold under the namesMiglyol® 810, 812 and 818 by the company Dynamit Nobel, jojoba oil andshea butter oil.

linear or branched hydrocarbons of mineral or synthetic origin,containing more than 16 carbon atoms, such as liquid paraffins,petroleum jelly, liquid petroleum jelly, polydecenes, and hydrogenatedpolyisobutene such as Parleam®;

fluoro oils, for instance perfluoromethylcyclopentane andperfluoro-1,3-dimethylcyclohexane, sold under the names Flutec® PC1 andFlutec® PC3 by the company BNFL Fluorochemicals;perfluoro-1,2-dimethylcyclobutane; perfluoroalkanes such asdodecafluoropentane and tetradecafluorohexane, sold under the names PF5050® and PF 5060® by the company 3M, or bromoperfluorooctyl sold underthe name Foralkyl® by the company Atochem; nonafluoromethoxybutane andnonafluoroethoxyisobutane; perfluoromorpholine derivatives such as4-trifluoromethyl perfluoromorpholine sold under the name PF 5052® bythe company 3M.

The fatty alcohols that are suitable for use in the invention arenon-oxyalkylenated and non-glycerolated. They are particularly offormula R—OH with R representing a linear or saturated C₆-C₁₉ alkylgroup or a linear or branched C₈-C₁₈ alkenyl group. More particularly,the fatty alcohols are unsaturated or branched alcohols, comprising from8 to 18 carbon atoms.

Examples that may be mentioned include cetyl alcohol, cetearyl alcoholand the mixture thereof (cetylstearyl alcohol), 2-butyloctanol,2-hexyldecanol, oleyl alcohol and linoleyl alcohol.

As regards the esters of a fatty acid and/or of a fatty alcohol, mentionmay be made especially of esters of saturated or unsaturated, linear orbranched C₁-C₂₆ aliphatic mono- or polyacids and of saturated orunsaturated, linear or branched C₁-C₂₆ aliphatic mono- or polyalcohols,the total carbon number of the esters being greater than or equal to 6and more advantageously greater than or equal to 10.

Among the monoesters, mention may be made of dihydroabietyl behenate;

octyldodecyl behenate; isocetyl behenate; cetyl lactate; C₁₂-C₁₅ alkyllactate; isostearyl lactate; lauryl lactate; linoleyl lactate; oleyllactate; (iso)stearyl octanoate; isocetyl octanoate; octyl octanoate;cetyl octanoate; decyl oleate; isocetyl isostearate; isocetyl laurate;isocetyl stearate; isodecyl octanoate; isodecyl oleate; isononylisononanoate; isostearyl palmitate; methylacetyl ricinoleate; myristylstearate; octyl isononanoate; 2-ethylhexyl isononate; octyl palmitate;octyl pelargonate; octyl stearate; octyldodecyl erucate; oleyl erucate;ethyl and isopropyl palmitates, 2-ethylhexyl palmitate, 2-octyldecylpalmitate, alkyl myristates such as isopropyl, butyl, cetyl,2-octyldodecyl, myristyl or stearyl myristate, hexyl stearate, butylstearate, isobutyl stearate; dioctyl malate, hexyl laurate, 2-hexyldecyllaurate.

Still within the context of this variant, esters of C₄-C₂₂ dicarboxylicor tricarboxylic acids and of C₁-C₂₂ alcohols and esters ofmonocarboxylic, dicarboxylic or tricarboxylic acids and of C₂-C₂₆dihydroxy, trihydroxy, tetrahydroxy or pentahydroxy alcohols may also beused.

Mention may be made especially of: diethyl sebacate; diisopropylsebacate; diisopropyl adipate; di-n-propyl adipate; dioctyl adipate;diisostearyl adipate; dioctyl maleate; glyceryl undecylenate;octyldodecyl stearoyl stearate; pentaerythrityl monoricinoleate;pentaerythrityl tetraisononanoate; pentaerythrityl tetrapelargonate;pentaerythrityl tetraisostearate; pentaerythrityl tetraoctanoate;propylene glycol dicaprylate; propylene glycol dicaprate; tridecylerucate; triisopropyl citrate; triisostearyl citrate; glyceryltrilactate; glyceryl trioctanoate; trioctyldodecyl citrate; trioleylcitrate; propylene glycol dioctanoate; neopentyl glycol diheptanoate;diethylene glycol diisononanoate; and polyethylene glycol distearates.

Among the esters mentioned above, it is preferred to use ethyl,isopropyl, myristyl, cetyl or stearyl palmitate, 2-ethylhexyl palmitate,2-octyldecyl palmitate, alkyl myristates such as isopropyl, butyl, cetylor 2-octyldodecyl myristate, hexyl stearate, butyl stearate, isobutylstearate; dioctyl malate, hexyl laurate, 2-hexyldecyl laurate, isononylisononanoate or cetyl octanoate.

The composition may also comprise, as fatty ester, sugar esters anddiesters of C₆-C₃₀ and preferably C₁₂-C₂₂ fatty acids. It is recalledthat the term “sugar” means oxygen-bearing hydrocarbon-based compoundscontaining several alcohol functions, with or without aldehyde or ketonefunctions, and which comprise at least 4 carbon atoms. These sugars maybe monosaccharides, oligosaccharides or polysaccharides.

Examples of suitable sugars that may be mentioned include sucrose (orsaccharose), glucose, galactose, ribose, fucose, maltose, fructose,mannose, arabinose, xylose and lactose, and derivatives thereof,especially alkyl derivatives, such as methyl derivatives, for instancemethylglucose.

The sugar esters of fatty acids may be chosen especially from the groupcomprising the esters or mixtures of esters of sugars describedpreviously and of linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated C₆-C₃₀and preferably C₁₂-C₂₂ fatty acids. If they are unsaturated, thesecompounds may have one to three conjugated or non-conjugatedcarbon-carbon double bonds.

The esters according to this variant may also be selected frommonoesters, diesters, triesters, tetraesters and polyesters, andmixtures thereof.

These esters may be, for example, oleates, laurates, palmitates,myristates, behenates, cocoates, stearates, linoleates, linolenates,caprates and arachidonates, or mixtures thereof such as, especially,oleopalmitate, oleostearate and palmitostearate mixed esters.

More particularly, use is made of monoesters and diesters and especiallysucrose, glucose or methylglucose monooleates or dioleates, stearates,behenates, oleopalmitates, linoleates, linolenates and oleostearates.

An example that may be mentioned is the product sold under the nameGlucate® DO by the company Amerchol, which is a methylglucose dioleate.

Examples of esters or mixtures of esters of sugar and of fatty acid thatmay also be mentioned include:

-   -   the products sold under the names F160, F140, F110, F90, F70 and        SL40 by the company Crodesta, respectively denoting sucrose        palmitostearates formed from 73% monoester and 27% diester and        triester, from 61% monoester and 39% diester, triester and        tetraester, from 52% monoester and 48% diester, triester and        tetraester, from 45% monoester and 55% diester, triester and        tetraester, from 39% monoester and 61% diester, triester and        tetraester, and sucrose monolaurate;    -   the products sold under the name Ryoto Sugar Esters, for example        referenced B370 and corresponding to sucrose behenate formed        from 20% monoester and 80% di-triester-polyester;    -   the sucrose mono-dipalmito-stearate sold by the company        Goldschmidt under the name Tegosoft® PSE.

The nonsilicone wax(es) are chosen in particular from carnauba wax,candelilla wax, esparto wax, paraffin wax, ozokerite, plant waxes, suchas olive tree wax, rice wax, hydrogenated jojoba wax or absolute flowerwaxes, such as the blackcurrant blossom essential wax sold by Bertin(France), or animal waxes, such as beeswaxes or modified beeswaxes(cerabellina); other waxes or waxy raw materials that may be usedaccording to the invention are in particular marine waxes, such as thatsold by Sophim under the reference M82, polyethylene waxes or polyolefinwaxes in general.

The silicones that may be used in the cosmetic compositions of thepresent invention are volatile or nonvolatile, cyclic, linear orbranched silicones, which are unmodified or modified with organicgroups, having a viscosity from 5×10⁻⁶ to 2.5 m²/s at 25° C., andpreferably 1×10⁻⁵ to 1 m²/s.

The silicones that may be used in accordance with the invention may bein the form of oils, waxes, resins or gums.

Preferably, the silicone is chosen from polydialkylsiloxanes, especiallypolydimethylsiloxanes (PDMS), and organomodified polysiloxanescomprising at least one functional group chosen from poly(oxyalkylene)groups, amino groups and alkoxy groups.

Organopolysiloxanes are defined in greater detail in Walter Noll's“Chemistry and Technology of Silicones” (1968), Academic Press. They maybe volatile or non-volatile.

When they are volatile, the silicones are more particularly chosen fromthose having a boiling point of between 60° C. and 260° C., and evenmore particularly from:

(i) cyclic polydialkylsiloxanes containing from 3 to 7 and preferablyfrom 4 to 5 silicon atoms. These are, for example,octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane sold in particular under the name VolatileSilicone® 7207 by Union Carbide or Silbione® 70045 V2 by Rhodia,decamethylcyclopentasiloxane sold under the name Volatile Silicone® 7158by Union Carbide, and Silbione® 70045 V5 by Rhodia, and mixturesthereof.

Mention may also be made of cyclocopolymers of thedimethylsiloxane/methylalkylsiloxane type, such as Volatile Silicone® FZ3109 sold by the company Union Carbide, of formula:

Mention may also be made of mixtures of cyclic polydialkylsiloxanes withorganosilicon compounds, such as the mixture ofoctamethylcyclotetrasiloxane and tetratrimethylsilylpentaerythritol(50/50) and the mixture of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane andoxy-1,1′-bis(2,2,2′,2′,3,3′-hexatrimethylsilyloxy)neopentane;

(ii) linear volatile polydialkylsiloxanes containing 2 to 9 siliconatoms and having a viscosity of less than or equal to 5×10⁻⁶ m²/s at 25°C. An example is decamethyltetrasiloxane sold in particular under thename SH 200 by the company Toray Silicone. Silicones belonging to thiscategory are also described in the article published in Cosmetics andToiletries, Vol. 91, January 76, pp. 27-32, Todd & Byers “VolatileSilicone Fluids for Cosmetics”.

Nonvolatile polydialkylsiloxanes, polydialkylsiloxane gums and resins,polyorganosiloxanes modified with organofunctional groups above, andmixtures thereof, are preferably used.

These silicones are more particularly chosen from polydialkylsiloxanes,among which mention may be made mainly of polydimethylsiloxanescontaining trimethylsilyl end groups. The viscosity of the silicones ismeasured at 25° C. according to ASTM standard 445 Appendix C.

Among these polydialkylsiloxanes, mention may be made, in a nonlimitingmanner, of the following commercial products:

the Silbione® oils of the 47 and 70 047 series or the Mirasil® oils soldby Rhodia, for instance the oil 70 047 V 500 000;

the oils of the Mirasil® series sold by the company Rhodia;

the oils of the 200 series from the company Dow Corning, such as DC200with a viscosity of 60 000 mm²/s;

the Viscasil® oils from General Electric and certain oils of the SFseries (SF 96, SF 18) from General Electric.

Mention may also be made of polydimethylsiloxanes containingdimethylsilanol end groups known under the name dimethiconol (CTFA),such as the oils of the 48 series from the company Rhodia.

In this category of polydialkylsiloxanes, mention may also be made ofthe products sold under the names Abil Wax® 9800 and 9801 by the companyGoldschmidt, which are poly(C₁-C₂₀)dialkylsiloxanes.

The silicone gums that can be used in accordance with the invention areespecially polydialkylsiloxanes and preferably polydimethylsiloxaneswith high number-average molecular weights of between 200 000 and 1 000000, used alone or as a mixture in a solvent. This solvent can be chosenfrom volatile silicones, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) oils,polyphenylmethylsiloxane (PPMS) oils, isoparaffins, polyisobutylenes,methylene chloride, pentane, dodecane and tridecane, or mixturesthereof.

Products that can be used more particularly in accordance with theinvention are mixtures such as:

-   -   mixtures formed from a polydimethylsiloxane hydroxylated at the        chain end, or dimethiconol (CTFA) and from a cyclic        polydimethylsiloxane also known as cyclomethicone (CTFA), such        as the product Q2 1401 sold by the company Dow Corning;    -   mixtures formed from a polydimethylsiloxane gum with a cyclic        silicone, such as the product SF 1214 Silicone Fluid from the        company General Electric; this product is an SF 30 gum        corresponding to a dimethicone, having a number-average        molecular weight of 500 000, dissolved in the oil SF 1202        Silicone Fluid corresponding to decamethylcyclopentasiloxane;    -   mixtures of two PDMSs with different viscosities, and more        particularly of a PDMS gum and a PDMS oil, such as the product        SF 1236 from the company General Electric. The product SF 1236        is a mixture of a gum SE 30 defined above with a viscosity of 20        m²/s and of an oil SF 96 with a viscosity of 5×10⁻⁶ m²/s. This        product preferably comprises 15% of gum SE 30 and 85% of an oil        SF 96.

The organopolysiloxane resins that can be used in accordance with theinvention are crosslinked siloxane systems containing the followingunits:

R₂SiO_(2/2), R₃SiO_(1/2), RSiO_(3/2) and SiO_(4/2)

in which R represents an alkyl containing 1 to 16 carbon atoms. Amongthese products, the ones that are particularly preferred are those inwhich R denotes a C₁-C₄ lower alkyl group, more particularly methyl.

Among these resins, mention may be made of the product sold under thename Dow Corning 593 or those sold under the names Silicone Fluid SS4230 and SS 4267 by the company General Electric, which are silicones ofdimethyl/trimethylsiloxane structure.

Mention may also be made of the trimethyl siloxysilicate type resinssold in particular under the names X22-4914, X21-5034 and X21-5037 bythe company Shin-Etsu.

The organomodified silicones that can be used in accordance with theinvention are silicones as defined above and comprising in theirstructure one or more organofunctional groups attached via ahydrocarbon-based group.

Besides the silicones described above, the organomodified silicones maybe polydiarylsiloxanes, especially polydiphenylsiloxanes, andpolyalkylarylsiloxanes functionalized with the organofunctional groupsmentioned previously.

The polyalkylarylsiloxanes are chosen particularly from linear and/orbranched polydimethyl/methylphenylsiloxanes andpolydimethyl/diphenylsiloxanes with a viscosity of from 1×10⁻⁵ to 5×10⁻²m²/s at 25° C.

Among these polyalkylarylsiloxanes, examples that may be mentionedinclude the products sold under the following names:

-   -   the Silbione® oils of the 70 641 series from Rhodia;    -   the oils of the series Rhodorsil® 70 633 and 763 from Rhodia;    -   the oil Dow Corning 556 Cosmetic Grade Fluid from Dow Corning;    -   the silicones of the PK series from Bayer, such as the product        PK20;    -   the silicones of the PN and PH series from Bayer, such as the        products PN1000 and PH1000;    -   certain oils of the SF series from General Electric, such as SF        1023, SF 1154, SF 1250 and SF 1265.

Among the organomodified silicones, mention may be made ofpolyorganosiloxanes comprising:

-   -   polyethyleneoxy and/or polypropyleneoxy groups optionally        comprising C₆-C₂₄ alkyl groups, such as the products known as        dimethicone copolyol sold by the company Dow Corning under the        name DC 1248 or the oils Silwet® L 722, L 7500, L 77 and L 711        by the company Union Carbide, and the (C₁₂)alkylmethicone        copolyol sold by the company Dow Corning under the name Q2 5200;    -   substituted or unsubstituted amine groups, such as the products        sold under the name GP 4 Silicone Fluid and GP 7100 by the        company Genesee, or the products sold under the names Q2 8220        and Dow Corning 929 or 939 by the company Dow Corning. The        substituted amine groups are, in particular, C₁-C₄ aminoalkyl        groups;    -   alkoxy groups such as the product sold under the name Silicone        Copolymer F-755 by SWS Silicones, and Abil Wax® 2428, 2434 and        2440 by the company Goldschmidt.

Preferably, the fatty substance(s) do not comprise any C₂-C₃ oxyalkyleneunits or any glycerolated units.

More particularly, the fatty substances are chosen from compounds thatare liquid or pasty at room temperature (25° C.) and at atmosphericpressure.

Preferably, the fatty substance is a compound that is liquid at atemperature of 25° C. and at atmospheric pressure.

The fatty substance(s) are advantageously chosen from C₆-C₁₆ alkanes,nonsilicone oils of plant, mineral or synthetic origin, fatty alcoholscomprising at least 20 carbon atoms, esters of a fatty acid and/or of afatty alcohol, and silicones, or mixtures thereof.

Preferably, the fatty substance(s) are chosen from liquid petroleumjelly, C₆-C₁₆ alkanes, polydecenes, liquid esters of fatty acids and/orof fatty alcohols, and liquid fatty alcohols comprising at least 20carbon atoms, or mixtures thereof.

Better still, the fatty substance(s) are chosen from liquid petroleumjelly, C₆-C₁₆ alkanes and polydecenes.

The composition according to the invention preferably comprises at least25% by weight of fatty substance, preferably at least 30% by weight,better still at least 35% by weight and even better still at least 40%by weight of fatty substance.

The composition according to the invention more particularly has a fattysubstance content ranging from 25% to 80% by weight, preferably from 30%to 70% by weight, even more advantageously from 40% to 70% by weight andmore preferably from 40% to 60% by weight relative to the weight of thecomposition.

These amounts do not include the fatty alcohol(s) comprising at least 20carbon atoms, nor the solid fatty acid ester(s) that is (are) solid atroom temperature and atmospheric pressure.

Surfactants:

The composition of the invention may also comprise one or more“additional” surfactants other than the compounds (i).

In particular, the surfactant(s) are chosen from anionic, amphoteric,zwitterionic, cationic and nonionic surfactants, and preferentiallynonionic surfactants.

The term “anionic surfactant” means a surfactant comprising, as ionic orionizable groups, only anionic groups. These anionic groups arepreferably chosen from the groups —C(O)OH, —C(O)O⁻, —SO₃H, —S(O)₂O⁻,—OS(O)₂OH, —OS(O)₂O⁻, —P(O)OH₂, —P(O)₂O⁻, —P(O)O₂ ⁻, —P(OH)₂, ═P(O)OH,—P(OH)O⁻, ═P(O)O⁻, ═POH, ═PO⁻, the anionic parts comprising a cationiccounterion such as an alkali metal, an alkaline-earth metal or anammonium.

As examples of anionic surfactants that may be used in the compositionaccording to the invention, mention may be made of alkyl sulfates, alkylether sulfates, alkylamido ether sulfates, alkylarylpolyether sulfates,monoglyceride sulfates, alkylsulfonates, alkylamidesulfonates,alkylarylsulfonates, alpha-olefin sulfonates, paraffin sulfonates,alkylsulfosuccinates, alkylether sulfosuccinates, alkylamidesulfosuccinates, alkylsulfoacetates, acylsarcosinates, acylglutamates,alkylsulfosuccinamates, acylisethionates and N-acyltaurates, salts ofalkyl monoesters of polyglycoside-polycarboxylic acids, acyllactylates,D-galactoside-uronic acid salts, alkyl ether carboxylic acid salts,alkylaryl ether carboxylic acid salts, alkylamido ether carboxylic acidsalts; and the corresponding non-salified forms of all these compounds;the alkyl and acyl groups of all these compounds comprising from 6 to 24carbon atoms and the aryl group denoting a phenyl group.

These compounds may be oxyethylenated and then preferably comprise from1 to 50 ethylene oxide units.

The salts of C₆-C₂₄ alkyl monoesters of polyglycoside-polycarboxylicacids can be selected from C₆-C₂₄ alkyl polyglycoside-citrates, C₆-C₂₄alkyl polyglycoside-tartrates and C₆-C₂₄ alkylpolyglycoside-sulfosuccinates.

When the anionic surfactant(s) are in salt form, they may be chosen fromalkali metal salts such as the sodium or potassium salt and preferablythe sodium salt, the ammonium salts, the amine salts and in particularamino alcohol salts or the alkaline-earth metal salts such as themagnesium salts.

Examples of amino alcohol salts that may especially be mentioned includemonoethanolamine, diethanolamine and triethanolamine salts,monoisopropanolamine, diisopropanolamine or triisopropanolamine salts,2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol salts, 2-amino-2-methyl-1,3-propanediolsalts and tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane salts.

Alkali metal or alkaline-earth metal salts, and in particular sodium ormagnesium salts, are preferably used.

Among the anionic surfactants mentioned, use is preferably made of(C₆-C₂₄)alkyl sulfates, (C₆-C₂₄)alkyl ether sulfates comprising from 2to 50 ethylene oxide units, especially in the form of alkali metal,ammonium, amino alcohol and alkaline-earth metal salts, or a mixture ofthese compounds.

It is particularly preferred to use (C₁₂-C₂₀)alkyl sulfates,(C₁₂-C₂₀)alkyl ether sulfates comprising from 2 to 20 ethylene oxideunits, especially in the form of alkali metal, ammonium, amino alcoholand alkaline-earth metal salts, or a mixture of these compounds. Betterstill, use is made of sodium lauryl ether sulfate containing 2.2 mol ofethylene oxide.

The amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactant(s), which are preferablynonsilicone, which can be used in the present invention may especiallybe derivatives of optionally quaternized aliphatic secondary or tertiaryamines, in which derivatives the aliphatic group is a linear or branchedchain comprising from 8 to 22 carbon atoms, said amine derivativescontaining at least one anionic group, for instance a carboxylate,sulfonate, sulfate, phosphate or phosphonate group. Mention may be madein particular of (C₈-C₂₀)alkylbetaines, sulfobetaines,(C₈-C₂₀)alkylamido(C₃-C₈)alkylbetaines and(C₈-C₂₀)alkylamido(C₆-C₈)alkylsulfobetaines.

Among the optionally quaternized secondary or tertiary aliphatic aminederivatives that can be used, as defined above, mention may also be madeof the compounds of respective structures (A1) and (A2):

R_(a)—C(O)—NH—CH₂—CH₂—N⁺(R_(b))(R_(c))—CH₂C(O)O⁻,M⁺,X⁻  (A1)

in which formula (A1):

-   -   R_(a) represents a C₁₀-C₃₀ alkyl or alkenyl group derived from        an acid R_(a)—COOH preferably present in hydrolyzed coconut oil,        or a heptyl, nonyl or undecyl group;    -   R_(b) represents a beta-hydroxyethyl group; and    -   R_(c) represents a carboxymethyl group;    -   M⁺ represents a cationic counterion derived from an alkali metal        or alkaline-earth metal, such as sodium, an ammonium ion or an        ion derived from an organic amine, and    -   X⁻ represents an organic or inorganic anionic counterion, such        as that chosen from halides, acetates, phosphates, nitrates,        (C₁-C₄)alkyl sulfates, (C₁-C₄)alkyl- or        (C₁-C₄)alkylarylsulfonates, in particular methyl sulfate and        ethyl sulfate; or alternatively M⁺ and X⁻ are absent;

R_(a)—C(O)—NH—CH₂—CH₂—N(B)(B′)  (A2)

in which formula (A2):

-   -   B represents the group —CH₂—CH₂—O—X′;    -   B′ represents the group —(CH₂)_(z)Y′, with z=1 or 2;    -   X′ represents the group —CH₂—C(O)OH, —CH₂—C(O)OZ′,        —CH₂—CH₂—C(O)OH, —CH₂—CH₂—C(O)OZ′, or a hydrogen atom;    -   Y′ represents the group —C(O)OH, —C(O)OZ′, —CH₂—CH(OH)—SO₃H or        the group —CH₂—CH(OH)—SO₃—Z′;    -   Z′ represents a cationic counterion derived from an alkali metal        or alkaline-earth metal, such as sodium, an ammonium ion or an        ion derived from an organic amine;    -   R_(a)′ represents a C₁₀-C₃₀ alkyl or alkenyl group of an acid        R_(a)′—C(O)OH preferably present in coconut oil or in hydrolyzed        linseed oil, an alkyl group, especially of C₁₇ and its iso form,        or an unsaturated C₁₇ group.

These compounds are classified in the CTFA dictionary, 5th edition,1993, under the names disodium cocoamphodiacetate, disodiumlauroamphodiacetate, disodium caprylamphodiacetate, disodiumcapryloamphodiacetate, disodium cocoamphodipropionate, disodiumlauroamphodipropionate, disodium caprylamphodipropionate, disodiumcapryloamphodipropionate, lauroamphodipropionic acid andcocoamphodipropionic acid.

By way of example, mention may be made of the cocoamphodiacetate sold bythe company Rhodia under the trade name Miranol® C2M Concentrate.

Among the amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactants mentioned above, use ispreferably made of (C₈-C₂₀)alkylbetaines such as cocoylbetaine, and(C₈-C₂₀)alkylamido(C₃-C₈)alkylbetaines such as cocamidopropylbetaine,and mixtures thereof. More preferably, the amphoteric or zwitterionicsurface-active agent or agents are chosen from cocamidopropylbetaine andcocoylbetaine.

The cationic surfactant(s) that can be used in the compositions of thepresent invention comprise, for example, salts of optionallypolyoxyalkylenated primary, secondary or tertiary fatty amines,quaternary ammonium salts, and mixtures thereof.

Examples of quaternary ammonium salts that may especially be mentionedinclude:

those corresponding to the general formula (A3) below:

in which formula (A3):

-   -   R₈ to R₁₁, which may be identical or different, represent a        linear or branched aliphatic group comprising from 1 to 30        carbon atoms, or an aromatic group such as aryl or alkylaryl, it        being understood that at least one of the groups R₈ to R₁₁        comprises from 8 to 30 carbon atoms and preferably from 12 to 24        carbon atoms; and    -   X⁻ represents an organic or inorganic anionic counterion, such        as that chosen from halides, acetates, phosphates, nitrates,        (C₁-C₄)alkyl sulfates, (C₁-C₄)alkyl- or        (C₁-C₄)alkylarylsulfonates, in particular methyl sulfate and        ethyl sulfate.        The aliphatic groups of R₈ to R₁₁ may also comprise heteroatoms        especially such as oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur and halogens.

The aliphatic groups of R₈ to R₁₁ are chosen, for example, from C₁-C₃₀alkyl, C₁-C₃₀ alkoxy, polyoxy(C₂-C₆)alkylene, C₁-C₃₀ alkylamide,(C₁₂-C₂₂)alkylamido(C₂-C₆)alkyl, (C₁₂-C₂₂)alkylacetate, C₁-C₃₀hydroxyalkyl, X⁻ is an anionic counterion chosen from halides,phosphates, acetates, lactates, (C₁-C₄)alkyl sulfates, and (C₁-C₄)alkyl-or (C₁-C₄)alkylarylsulfonates.

Among the quaternary ammonium salts of formula (A4), preference is givenfirstly to tetraalkylammonium chlorides, for instancedialkyldimethylammonium or alkyltrimethylammonium chlorides in which thealkyl group contains approximately from to 22 carbon atoms, inparticular behenyltrimethylammonium chloride, distearyldimethylammoniumchloride, cetyltrimethylammonium chloride, benzyldimethylstearylammoniumchloride, or else, secondly, distearoylethylhydroxyethylmethylammoniummethosulfate, dipalmitoylethylhydroxyethylammonium methosulfate ordistearoylethylhydroxyethylammonium methosulfate, or else, lastly,palmitylamidopropyltrimethylammonium chloride orstearamidopropyldimethyl(myristyl acetate)ammonium chloride, sold underthe name Ceraphyl® 70 by the company Van Dyk;

quaternary ammonium salts of imidazoline, for instance those of formula(A4) below:

in which formula (A4):

-   -   R₁₂ represents an alkenyl or alkyl group comprising from 8 to 30        carbon atoms, for example fatty acid derivatives of tallow;    -   R₁₃ represents a hydrogen atom, a C₁-C₄ alkyl group or an        alkenyl or alkyl group comprising from 8 to 30 carbon atoms;    -   R₁₄ represents a C₁-C₄ alkyl group;    -   R₁₅ represents a hydrogen atom or a C₁-C₄ alkyl group;    -   X⁻ represents an organic or inorganic anionic counterion, such        as that chosen from halides, acetates, phosphates, acetates,        lactates, (C₁-C₄)alkyl sulfates, (C₁-C₄)alkyl- or        (C₁-C₄)alkylarylsulfonates.

R₁₂ and R₁₃ preferably denote a mixture of alkyl or alkenyl groupscomprising from 12 to 21 carbon atoms, derived for example from tallowfatty acids, R₁₄ denotes a methyl group, and R₁₅ denotes a hydrogenatom. Such a product is sold, for example, under the name Rewoquat® W 75by the company Rewo;

quaternary diammonium or triammonium salts, in particular of formula(A5) below:

in which formula (A5):

-   -   R₁₆ denotes an alkyl group comprising from about 16 to 30 carbon        atoms, which is optionally hydroxylated and/or interrupted with        one or more oxygen atoms;    -   R₁₇ is chosen from hydrogen, an alkyl group comprising from 1 to        4 carbon atoms or a group —(CH₂)₃—N⁺(R_(16a))(R_(17a))(R_(18a)),        X⁻;    -   R_(16a), R_(17a), R_(18a), R₁₈, R₁₉, R₂₀ and R₂₁, which may be        identical or different, are chosen from hydrogen and an alkyl        group comprising from 1 to 4 carbon atoms; and    -   X⁻, which may be identical or different, represents an organic        or inorganic anionic counterion, such as that chosen from        halides, acetates, phosphates, nitrates, (C₁-C₄)alkyl sulfates,        (C₁-C₄)alkyl- or (C₁-C₄)alkylarylsulfonates, in particular        methyl sulfate and ethyl sulfate.

Such compounds are, for example, Finquat CT-P, sold by the companyFinetex (Quaternium 89), and Finquat CT, sold by the company Finetex(Quaternium 75);

quaternary ammonium salts comprising one or more ester functionalgroups, such as those of formula (A6) below:

in which formula (A6):

-   -   R₂₂ is chosen from C₁-C₆ alkyl and C₁-C₆ hydroxyalkyl or        dihydroxyalkyl groups;    -   R₂₃ is chosen from:

-   -   -   the group        -   the groups R₂₇, which are linear or branched, saturated or            unsaturated C₁-C₂₂ hydrocarbon-based radicals,        -   a hydrogen atom,

    -   R₂₅ is chosen from:        -   the group

-   -   -   the groups R₂₉, which are linear or branched, saturated or            unsaturated C₁-C₆ hydrocarbon-based radicals,        -   a hydrogen atom,

    -   R₂₄, R₂₆ and R₂₈, which may be identical or different, are        chosen from linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated C₇-C₂₁        hydrocarbon-based groups;

    -   r, s and t, which may be identical or different, are integers        ranging from 2 to 6,

    -   r1 and t1, which may be identical or different, are equal to 0        or 1, with r2+r1=2r and t1+t2=2t,

    -   y is an integer ranging from 1 to 10,

    -   x and z, which may be identical or different, are integers        ranging from 0 to 10,

    -   X⁻ represents an organic or inorganic anionic counterion;

    -   with the proviso that the sum x+y+z is from 1 to 15, that when x        is 0, then R₂₃ denotes R₂₇ and that when z is 0, then R₂₅        denotes R₂₉.

The alkyl groups R₂₂ may be linear or branched, and more particularlylinear.

Preferably, R₂₂ denotes a methyl, ethyl, hydroxyethyl or dihydroxypropylgroup, and more particularly a methyl or ethyl group.

Advantageously, the sum x+y+z has a value from 1 to 10.

When R₂₃ is a hydrocarbon-based group R₂₇, it may be long and maycontain from 12 to 22 carbon atoms, or may be short and may contain from1 to 3 carbon atoms.

When R₂₅ is a hydrocarbon-based group R₂₉, it preferably contains 1 to 3carbon atoms.

Advantageously, R₂₄, R₂₆ and R₂₈, which may be identical or different,are chosen from linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated C₁₁-C₂₁hydrocarbon-based groups, and more particularly from linear or branched,saturated or unsaturated C₁₁-C₂₁ alkyl and alkenyl groups.

Preferably, x and z, which are identical or different, have values of 0or 1.

Advantageously, y is equal to 1.

Preferably, r, s and t, which may be identical or different, are equalto 2 or 3, and even more particularly are equal to 2.

The anionic counterion X⁻ is preferably a halide, such as chloride,bromide or iodide; a (C₁-C₄)alkyl sulfate or a (C₁-C₄)alkyl- or(C₁-C₄)alkylarylsulfonate. However, methanesulfonate, phosphate,nitrate, tosylate, an anion derived from an organic acid, such asacetate or lactate, or any other anion that is compatible with theammonium containing an ester function, may be used.

The anionic counterion X⁻ is even more particularly chloride, methylsulfate or ethyl sulfate.

Use is made more particularly in the composition according to theinvention of the ammonium salts of formula (A6) in which:

-   -   R₂₂ denotes a methyl or ethyl group,    -   x and y are equal to 1,    -   z is equal to 0 or 1,    -   r, s and t are equal to 2,    -   R₂₃ is chosen from:        -   the group

-   -   -   methyl, ethyl or C₁₄-C₂₂ hydrocarbon-based groups,        -   a hydrogen atom,

    -   R₂₅ is chosen from:        -   the group

-   -   -   a hydrogen atom,

    -   R₂₄, R₂₆ and R₂₈, which may be identical or different, are        chosen from linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated C₁₃-C₁₇        hydrocarbon-based groups, and more particularly from linear or        branched, saturated or unsaturated C₁₃-C₁₇ alkyl and alkenyl        groups.

    -   Advantageously, the hydrocarbon-based radicals are linear.

Among the compounds of formula (A6), examples that may be mentionedinclude salts, especially the chloride or methyl sulfate, ofdiacyloxyethyldimethylammonium,diacyloxyethylhydroxyethylmethylammonium,monoacyloxyethyldihydroxyethylmethylammonium,triacyloxyethylmethylammonium ormonoacyloxyethylhydroxyethyldimethylammonium, and mixtures thereof. Theacyl groups preferably contain 14 to 18 carbon atoms and are obtainedmore particularly from a plant oil such as palm oil or sunflower oil.When the compound contains several acyl groups, these groups may beidentical or different.

These products are obtained, for example, by direct esterification oftriethanolamine, triisopropanolamine, an alkyldiethanolamine or analkyldiisopropanolamine, which are optionally oxyalkylenated, with fattyacids or with fatty acid mixtures of plant or animal origin, or bytransesterification of the methyl esters thereof. This esterification isfollowed by a quaternization by means of an alkylating agent such as analkyl halide, preferably methyl or ethyl halide, a dialkyl sulfate,preferably methyl or ethyl sulfate, methyl methanesulfonate, methylpara-toluenesulfonate, glycol chlorohydrin or glycerol chlorohydrin.

Such compounds are sold, for example, under the names Dehyquart® by thecompany Henkel, Stepanquat® by the company Stepan, Noxamium® by thecompany CECA or Rewoquat® WE 18 by the company Rewo-Witco.

The composition according to the invention may contain, for example, amixture of quaternary ammonium salts of mono-, di- and triesters with aweight majority of diester salts.

It is also possible to use the ammonium salts containing at least oneester function that are described in patents U.S. Pat. No. 4,874,554 andU.S. Pat. No. 4,137,180.

Use may be made of behenoylhydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride soldby KAO under the name Quatarmin BTC 131.

Preferably, the ammonium salts containing at least one ester functioncontain two ester functions.

Among the cationic surfactants that may be present in the compositionaccording to the invention, it is more particularly preferred to choosecetyltrimethylammonium, behenyltrimethylammonium anddipalmitoylethylhydroxyethylmethylammonium salts, and mixtures thereof,and more particularly behenyltrimethylammonium chloride,cetyltrimethylammonium chloride, anddipalmitoylethylhydroxyethylammonium methosulfate, and mixtures thereof.

Examples of additional nonionic surfactants that may be used in thecomposition used according to the invention are described, for example,in the “Handbook of Surfactants” by M. R. Porter, published by Blackie &Son (Glasgow and London), 1991, pp. 116-178. They are especially chosenfrom alcohols, alpha-diols and (C₁-C₂₀)alkylphenols, these compoundsbeing polyethoxylated, polypropoxylated and/or polyglycerolated, andcontaining at least one fatty chain comprising, for example, from 8 to18 carbon atoms, the number of ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxidegroups possibly ranging especially from 2 to 50, and the number ofglycerol groups possibly ranging especially from 2 to 30, said compoundsbeing different than the compounds (i) of the invention.

Mention may also be made of copolymers of ethylene oxide and propyleneoxide, optionally oxyethylenated fatty acid esters of sorbitan, fattyacid esters of sucrose, polyoxyalkylenated fatty acid esters, optionallyoxyalkylenated alkylpolyglycosides, alkylglucoside esters, derivativesof N-alkylglucamine and of N-acylmethylglucamine, aldobionamides andamine oxides.

The additional nonionic surfactants are more particularly chosen frommonooxyalkylenated or polyoxyalkylenated, monoglycerolated orpolyglycerolated nonionic surfactants. The oxyalkylene units are moreparticularly oxyethylene or oxypropylene units, or a combinationthereof, preferably oxyethylene units.

Examples of oxyalkylenated nonionic surfactants that may be mentionedinclude:

-   -   oxyalkylenated (C₈-C₂₄)alkylphenols;    -   saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched oxyalkylenated        C₈-C₃₀ alcohols different than the compounds (i) of the        invention;    -   saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched, oxyalkylenated        C₈-C₃₀ amides;    -   esters of saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched C₈-C₃₀        acids and of polyethylene glycols;    -   polyoxyethylenated esters of saturated or unsaturated, linear or        branched C₈-C₃₀ acids and of sorbitol;    -   saturated or unsaturated, oxyethylenated plant oils;    -   condensates of ethylene oxide and/or of propylene oxide, inter        alia, alone or as mixtures;    -   oxyethylenated and/or oxypropylenated silicones.

The surfactants contain a number of moles of ethylene oxide and/or ofpropylene oxide of between 1 and 100, preferably between 2 and 50 andpreferably between 2 and 30. Advantageously, the nonionic surfactants donot comprise any oxypropylene units.

In accordance with one preferred embodiment of the invention, theoxyalkylenated nonionic surfactants are chosen from saturated orunsaturated, linear or branched oxyalkylenated C₈-C₃₀ alcoholscomprising between 1 and 100, preferably between 2 and 50 and even moreparticularly between 2 and 30 mol of ethylene oxide other than thecompounds (i) of the invention; polyoxyethylenated esters of linear orbranched, saturated or unsaturated C₈-C₃₀ acids and of sorbitolcomprising from 1 to 100 mol of ethylene oxide.

As examples of monoglycerolated or polyglycerolated nonionicsurfactants, monoglycerolated or polyglycerolated C₈-C₄₀ alcohols arepreferably used.

In particular, the monoglycerolated or polyglycerolated C₈-C₄₀ alcoholscorrespond to formulae (A7) and (A′7) below:

R₂₉O—[CH₂—CH(OH₂OH)—O]_(m)—H  (A7)

H—[OCH₂—CH(CH₂OH)]_(m)—OR₂₉  (A′7)

in which formulae (A7) and (A′7):

-   -   R₂₉ represents a linear or branched C₈-C₄₀ and preferably C₈-C₃₀        alkyl or alkenyl radical; and    -   m represents a number ranging from 1 to 30 and preferably from 1        to 10.

As examples of compounds of formula (A7) or (A′7) that are suitable inthe context of the invention, mention may be made of lauryl alcoholcontaining 4 mol of glycerol (INCI name: Polyglyceryl-4 Lauryl Ether),lauryl alcohol containing 1.5 mol of glycerol, oleyl alcohol containing4 mol of glycerol (INCI name: Polyglyceryl-4 Oleyl Ether), oleyl alcoholcontaining 2 mol of glycerol (INCI name: Polyglyceryl-2 Oleyl Ether),cetearyl alcohol containing 2 mol of glycerol, cetearyl alcoholcontaining 6 mol of glycerol, oleocetyl alcohol containing 6 mol ofglycerol, and octadecanol containing 6 mol of glycerol.

The alcohol of formula (A7) or (A′7) may represent a mixture of alcoholsin the same way that the value of m represents a statistical value,which means that, in a commercial product, several species ofpolyglycerolated fatty alcohols may coexist in the form of a mixture.

Among the monoglycerolated or polyglycerolated alcohols, it is moreparticularly preferred to use the C₈-C₁₀ alcohol containing 1 mol ofglycerol, the C₁₀-C₁₂ alcohol containing 1 mol of glycerol and the C₁₂alcohol containing 1.5 mol of glycerol.

Preferably, the additional surfactant(s) are chosen from nonionicsurfactants other than the nonionic ethers of polyoxyalkylenated fattyalcohols of formula (i) or from anionic surfactants. More particularly,the surfactant(s) present in the composition are chosen from nonionicsurfactants, other than the nonionic ethers of polyoxyalkylenated fattyalcohols of formula (i).

Preferably, the nonionic surfactant(s) are monooxyalkylenated orpolyoxyalkylenated nonionic surfactants, particularly monooxyethylenatedor polyoxyethylenated, or monooxypropylenated or polyoxypropylenatednonionic surfactants, or a combination thereof, more particularlymonooxyethylenated or polyoxyethylenated nonionic surfactants, otherthan the nonionic ethers of polyoxyalkylenated fatty alcohols of formula(i).

Even more preferentially, the nonionic surfactants are chosen frompolyoxyethylenated esters of sorbitol, oxyethylenated C₈-C₃₀ alcoholscomprising from 1 to 100, preferably between 2 and 50 and even moreparticularly between 2 and 30 mol of ethylene oxide, other than thenonionic ethers of polyoxyalkylenated fatty alcohols of formula (i), andmixtures thereof. Even more preferentially, the nonionic surfactants arechosen from the abovementioned oxyethylenated C₈-C₃₀ alcohols.

Preferably, the additional surfactant used in the process of theinvention in the composition is a monooxyalkylenated orpolyoxyalkylenated, particularly monooxyethylenated orpolyoxyethylenated, or monooxypropylenated or polyoxypropylenated,nonionic surfactant, or a combination thereof, more particularlymonooxyethylenated or polyoxyethylenated.

Even more preferentially, the nonionic surfactants are chosen fromsaturated or unsaturated, linear or branched polyoxyethylenated estersof C₈-C₃₀ acids and of sorbitol, saturated or unsaturated, linear orbranched oxyalkylenated C₈-C₃₀ alcohols comprising between 1 and 100,preferably between 2 and 50 and preferably between 2 and 30 mol ofethylene oxide, other than the compounds (i) of the invention, andmixtures thereof.

In the composition of the invention, the amount of additionalsurfactant(s) in the composition preferably ranges from 0.1% to 50% byweight and better still from 0.5% to 20% by weight relative to the totalweight of the composition.

The Basifying Agents:

The composition according to the invention may also comprise one or morebasifying agents.

The basifying agent(s) may be mineral or organic or hybrid.

The mineral basifying agent(s) are preferably chosen from aqueousammonia, alkali metal carbonates or bicarbonates such as sodium orpotassium carbonates and sodium or potassium bicarbonates, sodiumhydroxide or potassium hydroxide, or mixtures thereof.

The organic basifying agent(s) are preferably chosen from organic amineswith a pK_(b) at 25° C. of less than 12, preferably less than 10 andeven more advantageously less than 6. It should be noted that it is thepK_(b) corresponding to the function of highest basicity. In addition,the organic amines do not comprise any alkyl or alkenyl fatty chainscomprising more than ten carbon atoms.

The organic basifying agent(s) are chosen, for example, fromalkanolamines, oxyethylenated and/or oxypropylenated ethylenediamines,amino acids and the compounds of formula (I) below:

in which formula (I) W is a C₁-C₆ divalent alkylene radical optionallysubstituted with one or more hydroxyl groups or a C₁-C₆ alkyl radical,and/or optionally interrupted with one or more heteroatoms such as P, orNR_(u); R_(x), R_(y), R_(z), R_(t) and R_(u), which may be identical ordifferent, represent a hydrogen atom or a C₁-C₆ alkyl or C₁-C₆hydroxyalkyl or C₁-C₆ aminoalkyl radical.

Examples of amines of formula (I) that may be mentioned include1,3-diaminopropane, 1,3-diamino-2-propanol, spermine and spermidine.

The term “alkanolamine” means an organic amine comprising a primary,secondary or tertiary amine function, and one or more linear or branchedC₁-C₈ alkyl groups bearing one or more hydroxyl radicals.

Organic amines chosen from alkanolamines such as monoalkanolamines,dialkanolamines or trialkanolamines comprising one to three identical ordifferent C₁-C₄ hydroxyalkyl radicals are in particular suitable forperforming the invention.

Among the compounds of this type, mention may be made ofmonoethanolamine (MEA), diethanolamine, triethanolamine,monoisopropanolamine, diisopropanolamine, N,N-dimethylethanolamine,2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol, triisopropanolamine,2-amino-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, 3-amino-1,2-propanediol,3-dimethylamino-1,2-propanediol and tris(hydroxymethylamino)methane.

More particularly, the amino acids that may be used are of natural orsynthetic origin, in their L, D or racemic form, and comprise at leastone acid function chosen more particularly from carboxylic acid,sulfonic acid, phosphonic acid or phosphoric acid functions. The aminoacids may be in neutral or ionic form.

As amino acids that may be used in the present invention, mention may bemade especially of aspartic acid, glutamic acid, alanine, arginine,ornithine, citrulline, asparagine, carnitine, cysteine, glutamine,glycine, histidine, lysine, isoleucine, leucine, methionine,N-phenylalanine, proline, serine, taurine, threonine, tryptophan,tyrosine and valine.

Advantageously, the amino acids are basic amino acids comprising anadditional amine function optionally included in a ring or in a ureidofunction.

Such basic amino acids are preferably chosen from those corresponding toformula (II) below, and also salts thereof:

in which formula (II) R represents a group chosen from:

—(CH₂)₃NH₂;

—(CH₂)₂NH₂; —(CH₂)₂NHCONH₂; and

The compounds corresponding to formula (II) are histidine, lysine,arginine, ornithine and citrulline.

The organic amine may also be chosen from organic amines of heterocyclictype. Besides histidine that has already been mentioned in the aminoacids, mention may in particular be made of pyridine, piperidine,imidazole, triazole, tetrazole and benzimidazole.

The organic amine may also be chosen from amino acid dipeptides. Asamino acid dipeptides that may be used in the present invention, mentionmay be made especially of carnosine, anserine and baleine.

The organic amine may also be chosen from compounds comprising aguanidine function. As amines of this type that may be used in thepresent invention, besides arginine, which has already been mentioned asan amino acid, mention may be made especially of creatine, creatinine,1,1-dimethylguanidine, 1,1-diethylguanidine, glycocyamine, metformin,agmatine, N-amidinoalanine, 3-guanidinopropionic acid,4-guanidinobutyric acid and2-([amino(imino)methyl]amino)ethane-1-sulfonic acid.

Hybrid compounds that may be mentioned include the salts of the aminesmentioned previously with acids such as carbonic acid or hydrochloricacid.

Guanidine carbonate or monoethanolamine hydrochloride may be used inparticular.

Preferably, the basifying agent(s) present in the composition of theinvention are chosen from aqueous ammonia, alkanolamines, amino acids inneutral or ionic form, in particular basic amino acids, and preferablycorresponding to those of formula (II).

Even more preferentially, the basifying agent(s) are chosen from aqueousammonia and alkanolamines, most particularly monoethanolamine (MEA).

Better still, the basifying agent(s) are chosen from alkanolamines, mostparticularly monoethanolamine (MEA).

Advantageously, the composition according to the invention has a contentof basifying agent(s) ranging from 0.01% to 30% by weight and preferablyfrom 0.1% to 20% by weight relative to the weight of the composition.

Chemical Oxidizing Agent:

The composition of the invention also comprises one or more chemicaloxidizing agents.

The term “chemical oxidizing agent” means an oxidizing agent other thanatmospheric oxygen.

More particularly, the chemical oxidizing agent(s) are chosen fromhydrogen peroxide, urea peroxide, alkali metal bromates, peroxygenatedsalts, for instance persulfates, perborates, peracids and precursorsthereof and percarbonates of alkali metals or alkaline-earth metals.

This oxidizing agent is advantageously formed from hydrogen peroxideespecially in aqueous solution (aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution), theconcentration of which may range more particularly from 0.1% to 50% byweight, even more preferentially from 0.5% to 20% by weight and betterstill from 1% to 15% by weight relative to the weight of thecomposition.

Preferably, the composition of the invention does not contain anyperoxygenated salts.

Solvent:

The composition according to the invention may also comprise one or moreorganic solvents.

Examples of organic solvents that may be mentioned include linear orbranched C₂-C₄ alkanols, such as ethanol and isopropanol; glycerol;polyols and polyol ethers, for instance 2-butoxyethanol, propyleneglycol, dipropylene glycol, propylene glycol monomethyl ether,diethylene glycol monomethyl ether and monoethyl ether, and alsoaromatic alcohols or ethers, for instance benzyl alcohol orphenoxyethanol, and mixtures thereof.

The solvent(s), if they are present, represent a content usually rangingfrom 1% to 40% by weight and preferably from 5% to 30% by weightrelative to the weight of the composition.

Other Additives:

The composition according to the invention may also contain variousadjuvants conventionally used in hair dye compositions, such as anionic,cationic, nonionic, amphoteric or zwitterionic polymers or mixturesthereof; mineral thickeners, and in particular fillers such asorganophilic silicas, fumed silicas, clays, especially organophilicclays, talc; organic thickeners with, in particular, anionic, cationic,nonionic and amphoteric polymeric associative thickeners; antioxidants;penetrants; sequestrants; fragrances; dispersants; film-forming agents;ceramides; preserving agents; opacifiers.

The above adjuvants are generally present in an amount for each of themof between 0.01% and 20% by weight relative to the weight ofcomposition.

The composition according to the invention preferably comprises at leastone cationic polymer, more particularly chosen from substantive polymerssuch as alkyldiallylamine or dialkyldiallylammonium homopolymers (forinstance Polyquaternium-6, Merquat 100, which is adialkyldiallylammonium chloride homopolymer sold by the company Nalco),and also copolymers of these monomers and of acrylamide (for examplecopolymers of diallyldimethylammonium chloride and of acrylamide, soldespecially under the name Merquat 550, Polyquaternium-7). Also suitableare the polymers of formula:

in which R₁, R₂, R₃ and R₄, which may be identical or different, denotea C₁-C₄ alkyl or hydroxyalkyl radical, n and p are integers ranging from2 to 20 approximately, and X⁻ is an anion derived from a mineral ororganic acid.

According to one particular embodiment of the invention, use is made ofpolymers bearing repeating units of formulae (W) and (U) below:

and especially those whose molecular weight, determined by gelpermeation chromatography, is between 9500 and 9900;

and especially those whose molecular weight, determined by gelpermeation chromatography, is about 1200.

The concentration of cationic polymers in the composition, when they arepresent, ranges from 0.01% to 10% by weight relative to the weight ofthe composition, preferably from 0.1% to 5% by weight and better stillfrom 0.2% to 3% by weight relative to the weight of the composition.

The composition may especially comprise one or more mineral thickenerschosen from organophilic clays and fumed silicas, or mixtures thereof.

The organophilic clay may be chosen from montmorillonite, bentonite,hectorite, attapulgite and sepiolite, and mixtures thereof. The clay ispreferably a bentonite or a hectorite.

These clays may be modified with a chemical compound chosen fromquaternary amines, tertiary amines, amine acetates, imidazolines, aminesoaps, fatty sulfates, alkylarylsulfonates and amine oxides, andmixtures thereof.

Organophilic clays that may be mentioned include quaternium-18bentonites such as those sold under the names Bentone 3, Bentone 38 andBentone 38V by the company Rheox, Tixogel VP by the company UnitedCatalyst, Claytone 34, Claytone 40 and Claytone XL by the companySouthern Clay; stearalkonium bentonites such as those sold under thenames Bentone 27 by the company Rheox, Tixogel LG by the company UnitedCatalyst and Claytone AF and Claytone APA by the company Southern Clay;quaternium-18/benzalkonium bentonites such as those sold under the namesClaytone HT and Claytone PS by the company Southern Clay.

The fumed silicas may be obtained by high-temperature pyrolysis of avolatile silicon compound in an oxhydric flame, producing a finelydivided silica. This process makes it possible especially to obtainhydrophilic silicas having a large number of silanol groups at theirsurface. Such hydrophilic silicas are sold, for example, under the namesAerosil 130®, Aerosil 200®, Aerosil 255®, Aerosil 300® and Aerosil 380®by the company Degussa, and Cab-O-Sil HS-5®, Cab-O-Sil EH-5®, Cab-O-SilLM-130®, Cab-O-Sil MS-55® and Cab-O-Sil M-5® by the company Cabot.

It is possible to chemically modify the surface of the silica viachemical reaction in order to reduce the number of silanol groups. It isespecially possible to substitute silanol groups with hydrophobicgroups: a hydrophobic silica is then obtained.

The hydrophobic groups may be:

-   -   trimethylsiloxyl groups, which are obtained especially by        treating fumed silica in the presence of hexamethyldisilazane.        Silicas thus treated are known as “silica silylate” according to        the CTFA (6th Edition, 1995). They are sold, for example, under        the references Aerosil R812® by the company Degussa and        Cab-O-Sil TS-530® by the company Cabot.    -   dimethylsilyloxyl or polydimethylsiloxane groups, which are        especially obtained by treating fumed silica in the presence of        polydimethylsiloxane or dimethyldichlorosilane. Silicas thus        treated are known as “silica dimethyl silylate” according to the        CTFA (6th Edition, 1995). They are sold, for example, under the        references Aerosil R972® and Aerosil R974® by the company        Degussa, and Cab-O-Sil TS-610® and Cab-O-Sil TS-720® by the        company Cabot.

The fumed silica preferably has a particle size that may be nanometricto micrometric, for example ranging from about 5 to 200 nm.

Preferably, the composition comprises a hectorite, an organomodifiedbentonite or an optionally modified fumed silica.

When it is present, the mineral thickener represents from 1% to 30% byweight relative to the weight of the composition.

The composition may also comprise one or more organic thickeners.

These thickeners may be chosen from fatty acid amides (coconutdiethanolamide or monoethanolamide, oxyethylenated carboxylic acidmonoethanolamide alkyl ether), polymeric thickeners such ascellulose-based thickeners (hydroxyethylcellulose,hydroxypropylcellulose or carboxymethylcellulose), guar gum andderivatives thereof (hydroxypropyl guar), gums of microbial origin(xanthan gum or scleroglucan gum), the crosslinked acrylic acidhomopolymers whose INCI name is Carbomer, for instance the polymers soldby the company Lubrizol under the names Carbopol 980, 981 and CarbopolUltrez 10, acrylate/C₁₀-C₃₀-alkylacrylate copolymers (INCI name:Acrylates/C10-30 Alkyl acrylate Crosspolymer) such as the products soldby the company Lubrizol under the trade names Pemulen TR1, Pemulen TR2,Carbopol 1382 and Carbopol EDT 2020, optionally crosslinkedacrylamidopropanesulfonic acid homopolymers or copolymers, andassociative polymers (polymers comprising hydrophilic regions andfatty-chain hydrophobic regions (alkyl or alkenyl comprising at least 10carbon atoms), which are capable, in an aqueous medium, of reversiblycombining with each other or with other molecules).

According to one particular embodiment, the organic thickener is chosenfrom cellulose-based thickeners (hydroxyethylcellulose,hydroxypropylcellulose or carboxymethylcellulose), guar gum andderivatives thereof (hydroxypropyl guar), gums of microbial origin(xanthan gum or scleroglucan gum) and crosslinked acrylic acid oracrylamidopropanesulfonic acid homopolymers, and preferably fromcellulose-based thickeners in particular with hydroxyethylcellulose.

The content of additional organic thickener(s), if they are present,usually ranges from 0.01% to 20% by weight and preferably from 0.1% to5% by weight relative to the weight of the composition.

The composition of the invention may be in various forms, for instance asolution, an emulsion (milk or cream) or a gel.

Processes of the Invention:

The composition described previously is applied to wet or dry keratinfibers.

It is usually left in place on the fibers for a time generally of from 1minute to 1 hour and preferably from 5 minutes to 30 minutes.

The temperature during the dyeing process is conventionally between roomtemperature (between 15 and 25° C.) and 80° C. and preferably betweenroom temperature and 60° C.

After the treatment, the human keratin fibers are advantageously rinsedwith water. They may optionally be washed with a shampoo, followed byrinsing with water, and then dried or left to dry.

The composition applied in the process according to the invention isgenerally prepared extemporaneously before the application, by mixing atleast two formulations, preferably two or three compositions and evenmore preferentially two formulations.

In particular, a formulation (A) free of chemical oxidizing agent andcomprising at least one oxidation dye, at least one nonionic ether of apolyoxyalkylenated fatty alcohol of formula (i) and a formulation (B)comprising at least one chemical oxidizing agent are mixed together; atleast one of the two formulations (A) and (B), preferably formulation(A), comprising at least one compound chosen from fatty alcoholscomprising at least 20 carbon atoms and fatty acid esters that are solidat room temperature and atmospheric pressure, and mixtures thereof.

Advantageously, formulations (A) and (B) are aqueous.

The term “aqueous formulation” means a composition comprising at least5% by weight of water, relative to the weight of this formulation.

Preferably, an aqueous formulation comprises more than 10% by weight ofwater and even more advantageously more than 20% by weight of water.

Preferably, formulation (A) comprises at least 50% by weight ofadditional fatty substance, other than the fatty alcohol comprising atleast 20 carbon atoms and/or the solid fatty acid ester, and even morepreferentially at least 50% by weight of fatty substances that areliquid at room temperature (25° C.), relative to the weight of thisformulation (A).

Advantageously, formulation (A) is a direct emulsion (oil-in-water: 0/W)or an inverse emulsion (water-in-oil: W/0), and preferably a directemulsion (0/W).

More particularly, formulation (A) comprises at least one basifyingagent.

In this variant, formulations (A) and (B) are preferably mixed togetherin a weight ratio (A)/(B) ranging from 0.2 to 10 and better still from0.5 to 2.

According to one preferred embodiment, the composition used in theprocess according to the invention, i.e. the composition derived frommixing together the two compositions (A) and (B), preferentially has anadditional fatty substance content of at least 25% by weight, relativeto the weight of the composition derived from mixing together the twoabovementioned formulations.

Everything that has been stated previously concerning the ingredients ofthe composition according to the invention remains valid in the case ofthe formulations (A) and (B), the contents taking into account thedegree of dilution during mixing.

In a second variant of the invention, the composition used in theprocess according to the invention (thus in the presence of at least onechemical oxidizing agent) is derived from the mixing of threeformulations. In particular, the three formulations are aqueous oralternatively at least one of them is anhydrous.

More particularly, for the purposes of the invention, the term“anhydrous cosmetic formulation” means a cosmetic formulation with awater content of less than 5% by weight, preferably less than 2% byweight and even more preferably less than 1% by weight relative to theweight of said composition. It should be noted that the water present inthe composition is more particularly “bound water”, such as water ofcrystallization in salts, or traces of water absorbed by the startingmaterials used in the preparation of the formulations according to theinvention.

Preferably, use is made of two aqueous formulations (B′) and (C′) and ananhydrous formulation (A′).

The anhydrous formulation (A′) (free of chemical oxidizing agent) thenpreferably comprises at least one additional fatty substance, other thanthe fatty alcohol comprising at least 20 carbon atoms and/or the fattyacid ester that is solid at room temperature and atmospheric pressure,and more preferentially at least one fatty substance that is preferablyliquid.

Formulation (B′) (free of chemical oxidizing agent) then preferablycomprises at least one oxidation dye and at least one nonionic ether ofa polyoxyalkylenated fatty alcohol of formula (i).

Formulation (C′) then preferably comprises at least one chemicaloxidizing agent.

At least one of the three formulations (A′), (B′) and (C′) comprises atleast one compound chosen from fatty alcohols comprising at least 20carbon atoms and fatty acid esters that are solid at room temperatureand atmospheric pressure, and mixtures thereof.

According to this preferred embodiment of the second variant, one ormore basifying agents may be included in formulations (A′) and/or (B′)and preferably only in formulation (B′).

As regards the surfactant(s) that may be present, they are preferablyincluded in at least one of the formulations (A′), (B′) and (C′).

According to a preferred embodiment, the composition used in the processaccording to the invention, i.e. the composition derived from the mixingof the three formulations (A′), (B′) and (C′), preferentially has anadditional fatty substance content of at least 25% by weight, relativeto the weight of the formulation derived from the mixing of the threeabovementioned formulations.

In this variant, formulations (A′), (B′) and (C′) are preferably mixedtogether in a weight ratio [(A′)+(B′)]/(C′) ranging from 0.2 to 10 andmore particularly from 0.5 to 2 and in a weight ratio (A′)/(B′) rangingfrom 0.5 to 10 and preferably from 1 to 5.

Everything that has been described previously regarding the ingredientsof the composition according to the invention remains valid in the caseof formulations (A′), (B′) and (C′), the contents taking into accountthe degree of dilution during mixing.

Device:

Finally, the invention relates to a multi-compartment device that issuitable for implementing the composition and the process according tothe invention, and comprising a first compartment containing formulation(A) as described above and a second compartment containing formulation(B) as described above.

The invention also relates to a second multi-compartment devicecomprising a first compartment containing formulation (A′) as describedabove and a second compartment containing a cosmetic formulation (B′) asdescribed above and at least a third compartment comprising formulation(C′) as described above.

The examples that follow serve to illustrate the invention without,however, being limiting in nature.

EXAMPLE

The following compositions are prepared (in which the amounts areexpressed in grams of active materials):

Composition 1:

Mineral oil (liquid paraffin) 60 Saturated C20-22 fatty alcohols (Nafol2022 EN from Sasol) 4.6 Cetyl palmitate 2 Glycerol 5 Deceth-5 1.08Oleth-10 1 Oleth-20 4 Ceteareth-60 myristyl glycol (Elfacos GT 282 Sfrom Akzo) 0.01 Carbomer (Carbopol 980 from Lubrizol) 0.0982,5-Tolylenediamine 0.691 m-Aminophenol 0.11 2,4-Diaminophenoxyethanol,HCl 0.018 Resorcinol 0.607 Ethanolamine 4.4653,4-Dihydro-1,4-benzoxazin-6-ol 0.03 Sodium metabisulfite 0.45 Ascorbicacid 0.25 EDTA 0.2 Water qs 100

Composition 2:

Cetearyl alcohol 6 Mineral oil (liquid paraffin) 20 Glycerol 0.5Hydrogen peroxide 6 Hexadimethrine chloride 0.15 Polyquaternium-6(Merquat 100 from Nalco) 0.2 Oxyethylenated rapeseed acid amide (4 EO)1.2 Steareth-20 5 Tocopherol 0.1 Tetrasodium pyrophosphate 0.03 Sodiumstannate 0.04 BHT 0.001 Pentasodium pentetate 0.06 Phosphoric acid qs pH2.2 Water qs 100

Application Method:

The two compositions are mixed together at the time of use in thefollowing proportions:

-   -   10 g of composition 1    -   10 g of composition 2

The resulting mixture applies and is distributed easily onto a head ofchestnut-brown hair containing gray hairs. It is left to stand on thehair for 30 minutes at room temperature. Removal with water is easy.

The hair is then washed with a standard shampoo and dried.

The hair coloration obtained is a uniform light chestnut with goodcoverage of the gray hairs.

1-26. (canceled)
 27. A composition for dyeing keratin fibers comprising:at least one oxidation dye; at least one nonionic ether ofpolyoxyalkylenated fatty alcohols of formula (i):R—(OCH₂CH₂)_(n)—OR′  (i) wherein: R denotes a linear or branched,saturated or unsaturated C₁₀-C₃₀ hydrocarbon-based radical, R′ denotes alinear or branched, saturated or unsaturated C₁₀-C₃₀ hydrocarbon-basedradical, optionally substituted with a hydroxyl radical, said hydroxylradical optionally being beta to the ether function, and n is an integerranging from 1 to 100, inclusive; at least one compound chosen fromfatty alcohols comprising at least 20 carbon atoms, fatty acid estersthat are solid at a temperature of about 25° C. and a pressure of about760 mmHg, and mixtures thereof; and at least one chemical oxidizingagent.
 28. The composition according to claim 27, wherein: the nonionicether of polyoxyalkylenated fatty alcohols is chosen such that theradicals R and R′, independently of each other, denote a linear orbranched, saturated or unsaturated, C₁₂-C₂₀ hydrocarbon-based radical;R′ optionally being substituted with at least one hydroxyl radical, andn denotes an integer greater than or equal to
 20. 29. The compositionaccording to claim 27, wherein n denotes an integer ranging from 40 to80, inclusive.
 30. The composition according to claim 27, wherein thenonionic ether of polyoxyalkylenated fatty alcohols is chosen such thatthe radicals R and R′ denote alkyl radicals.
 31. The compositionaccording to claim 27, wherein the nonionic ether of polyoxyalkylenatedfatty alcohols is chosen such that R denotes a C₁₆-C₁₈ alkyl radical,and R′ denotes a C₁₄ alkyl radical substituted with a group —OH, and nis equal to
 60. 32. The composition according to claim 27, wherein R andR′ are linear.
 33. The composition according to claim 27, wherein the atleast one nonionic ether of polyoxyalkylenated fatty alcohols (i) ispresent in an amount ranging from about 0.001% to about 10% by weight,relative to the total weight of the composition.
 34. The compositionaccording to claim 27, wherein the at least one nonionic ether ofpolyoxyalkylenated fatty alcohols (i) is present in an amount rangingfrom about 0.001% to about 5% by weight, relative to the total weight ofthe composition.
 35. The composition according to claim 27, wherein theat least one compound chosen from fatty alcohols comprising at least 20carbon atoms, fatty acid esters that are solid at a temperature of about25° C. and a pressure of about 760 mmHg, and mixtures thereof, ispresent in an amount ranging from about 0.01% to about 20% by weight,relative to the total weight of the composition.
 36. The compositionaccording to claim 27, wherein the at least one compound chosen fromfatty alcohols comprising at least 20 carbon atoms, fatty acid estersthat are solid at a temperature of about 25° C. and a pressure of about760 mmHg, and mixtures thereof, is present in an amount ranging fromabout 0.5% to about 12% by weight, relative to the total weight of thecomposition.
 37. The composition according to claim 27, wherein the atleast one compound chosen from fatty alcohols comprising at least 20carbon atoms comprises from 20 to 30 carbon atoms.
 38. The compositionaccording to claim 27, wherein the at least one compound chosen fromfatty alcohols comprising at least 20 carbon atoms comprises from 20 to24 carbon atoms.
 39. The composition according to claim 27, wherein theat least one compound chosen from fatty alcohols comprising at least 20carbon atoms is chosen from saturated linear-chain fatty alcohols. 40.The composition according to claim 27, wherein the at least one compoundchosen from fatty alcohols comprising at least 20 carbon atoms is chosenfrom behenyl alcohol, arachidyl alcohol, lignoceryl alcohol, cerylalcohol, montanyl alcohol, and mixtures thereof.
 41. The compositionaccording to claim 27, wherein the at least one compound chosen fromfatty alcohols comprising at least 20 carbon atoms is present in anamount ranging from about 0.1% to about 20% by weight, relative to thetotal weight of the composition.
 42. The composition according to claim27, wherein the at least one compound chosen from fatty alcoholscomprising at least 20 carbon atoms is present in an amount ranging fromabout 1% to about 12% by weight, relative to the total weight of thecomposition.
 43. The composition according to claim 27, wherein thefatty acid esters solid at a temperature of about 25° C. and a pressureof about 760 mmHg are derived from the reaction of: at least onecarboxylic acid, which is linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated,and comprises from 10 to 50 carbon atoms, and at least one alcoholchosen from monoalcohols and polyols, which is linear or branched,saturated or unsaturated, and comprises from 12 to 50 carbon atoms. 44.The composition according to claim 43, wherein: the at least onecarboxylic acid is linear and saturated, and comprises from 14 to 18carbon atoms, and wherein the at least one alcohol is a linear,saturated monoalcohol comprising from 14 to 18 carbon atoms.
 45. Thecomposition according to claim 27, wherein the fatty acid esters solidat a temperature of about 25° C. and a pressure of about 760 mmHg areesters of a saturated linear monocarboxylic fatty acid comprising from14 to 18 carbon atoms and a saturated linear monoalcohol comprising from14 to 18 carbon atoms.
 46. The composition according to claim 27,wherein the fatty acid esters solid at a temperature of about 25° C. anda pressure of about 760 mmHg are chosen from cetyl myristate, stearylmyristate, myristyl myristate, palmityl palmitate, cetyl palmitate,stearyl palmitate, myristyl stearate, palmityl stearate, stearylstearate, and mixtures thereof.
 47. The composition according claim 27,wherein the fatty acid esters solid at a temperature of about 25° C. anda pressure of about 760 mmHg are present in an amount ranging from about0.01% to about 15% by weight, relative to the total weight of thecomposition.
 48. The composition according to claim 27, wherein thefatty acid esters solid at a temperature of about 25° C. and a pressureof about 760 mmHg are present in an amount ranging from about 0.1% toabout 5% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition. 49.The composition according to claim 27, further comprising at least oneadditional fatty substance other than fatty alcohols comprising at least20 carbon atoms and fatty esters that are solid at a temperature ofabout 25° C. and a pressure of about 760 mmHg, wherein said at least oneadditional fatty substance is chosen from liquid petroleum jelly, C₆-C₁₆alkanes, polydecenes, liquid fatty alcohols comprising less than 20carbon atoms, liquid esters of fatty acids or of fatty alcohols, andmixtures thereof.
 50. The composition according to claim 49, wherein theat least one additional fatty substance is present in an amount of atleast about 25% by weight, relative to the total weight of thecomposition.
 51. The composition according to claim 49, wherein the atleast one additional fatty substance is present in an amount of at leastabout 40% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition.52. The composition according to claim 27, wherein the compositionfurther comprises at least one basifying agent.
 53. The compositionaccording to claim 52, wherein the at least one basifying agent ischosen from aqueous ammonia, alkanolamines, and mixtures thereof. 54.The composition according to claim 27, wherein the composition furthercomprises at least one surfactant.
 55. The composition according toclaim 27, wherein the chemical oxidizing agent is hydrogen peroxide. 56.A method for dyeing keratin fibers, the method comprising applying tosaid fibers a composition comprising: at least one oxidation dye; atleast one nonionic ether of polyoxyalkylenated fatty alcohols of formula(i):R—(OCH₂CH₂)_(n)—OR′  (i) wherein: R denotes a linear or branched,saturated or unsaturated C₁₀-C₃₀ hydrocarbon-based radical, R′ denotes alinear or branched, saturated or unsaturated C₁₀-C₃₀ hydrocarbon-basedradical, optionally substituted with a hydroxyl radical, said hydroxylradical optionally being beta to the ether function, and n is an integerranging from 1 to 100, inclusive; at least one compound chosen fromfatty alcohols comprising at least 20 carbon atoms, fatty acid estersthat are solid at a temperature of about 25° C. and a pressure of about760 mmHg, and mixtures thereof; and at least one chemical oxidizingagent.
 57. The method according to claim 56, further comprising a stepof preparing the composition extemporaneously before said application,by mixing at least two formulations comprising: a formulation (A) freeof chemical oxidizing agent and comprising at least one oxidation dye,at least one nonionic ether of polyoxyalkylenated fatty alcohols offormula (i); and a formulation (B) comprising at least one chemicaloxidizing agent; wherein at least one of formulation (A) and formulation(B) comprises the at least one compound chosen from fatty alcoholscomprising at least 20 carbon atoms, fatty acid esters that are solid ata temperature of about 25° C. and a pressure of about 760 mmHg, andmixtures thereof.
 58. The method according to claim 57, whereinformulation (A) comprises formulation (A′) and formulation (A″), whereinformulation (A′) is anhydrous, comprises at least one additional fattysubstance other than fatty alcohols comprising at least 20 carbon atomsand fatty esters that are solid at a temperature of about 25° C. and apressure of about 760 mmHg, and is free of chemical oxidizing agent;wherein formulation (A″) comprises at least one oxidation dye, at leastone nonionic ether of a polyoxyalkylenated fatty alcohol of formula (i);wherein at least one of formulation (A′), formulation (A″), andformulation (B) comprise at least one compound chosen from fattyalcohols comprising at least 20 carbon atoms, fatty acid esters that aresolid at a temperature of about 25° C. and a pressure of about 760 mmHg,and mixtures thereof.
 59. The method according to claim 57, wherein atleast one of formulation (A), formulation (A′), formulation (A″), andformulation (B), comprises at least one additional fatty substance otherthan fatty alcohols comprising at least 20 carbon atoms and fatty estersthat are solid at a temperature of about 25° C. and a pressure of about760 mmHg; and wherein the at least one additional fatty substancecontent of the composition resulting from the mixing of the at least twoformulations is at least about 25% by weight of the at least oneadditional fatty substance, relative to the total weight of thecomposition.
 60. A multi-compartment device for implementing a methodfor dyeing keratin fibers, the method comprising: applying to saidfibers a composition comprising: at least one oxidation dye; at leastone nonionic ether of polyoxyalkylenated fatty alcohols of formula (i):R—(OCH₂CH₂)_(n)—OR′  (i) wherein: R denotes a linear or branched,saturated or unsaturated C₁₀-C₃₀ hydrocarbon-based radical, R′ denotes alinear or branched, saturated or unsaturated C₁₀-C₃₀ hydrocarbon-basedradical, optionally substituted with a hydroxyl radical, said hydroxylradical optionally being beta to the ether function, and n is an integerranging from 1 to 100, inclusive; at least one compound chosen fromfatty alcohols comprising at least 20 carbon atoms, fatty acid estersthat are solid at a temperature of about 25° C. and a pressure of about760 mmHg, and mixtures thereof; and at least one chemical oxidizingagent; preparing the composition extemporaneously before saidapplication by mixing at least two formulations comprising: aformulation (A) free of chemical oxidizing agent and comprising at leastone oxidation dye and at least one nonionic ether of polyoxyalkylenatedfatty alcohols of formula (i); and a formulation (B) comprising at leastone chemical oxidizing agent; wherein at least one of formulation (A)and formulation (B) comprise the at least one compound chosen from fattyalcohols comprising at least 20 carbon atoms, fatty acid esters that aresolid at a temperature of about 25° C. and a pressure of about 760 mmHg,and mixtures thereof; the multi-compartment device comprising: a firstcompartment for containing formulation (A), and a second compartment forcontaining formulation (B).
 61. The multi-compartment device accordingto claim 60, wherein formulation (A) comprises formulation (A′) andformulation (A″), wherein formulation (A′) is anhydrous, comprises atleast one additional fatty substance other than fatty alcoholscomprising at least 20 carbon atoms and fatty esters that are solid at atemperature of about 25° C. and a pressure of about 760 mmHg, and isfree of chemical oxidizing agent; wherein formulation (A″) comprises atleast one oxidation dye, at least one nonionic ether ofpolyoxyalkylenated fatty alcohols of formula (i); wherein at least oneof formulation (A′), formulation (A″), and formulation (B) comprise atleast one compound chosen from fatty alcohols comprising at least 20carbon atoms, fatty acid esters that are solid at a temperature of about25° C. and a pressure of about 760 mmHg, and mixtures thereof; the firstcompartment of the multi-compartment device comprising a firstsub-compartment for containing formulation (A′) and a secondsub-compartment for containing a formulation (A″).